Gangguan Mental yang Rentan Dialami ODHIV dan ODHA

Gangguan Mental yang Rentan Dialami ODHIV dan ODHA
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Orang dengan HIV (ODHIV) dan orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Selain membutuhkan perawatan fisik, ODHIV dan ODHA juga rentan mengalami gangguan mental akibat kondisi yang dialami.

 

Penyebab Gangguan Mental pada ODHIV dan ODHA

Kehadiran ODHIV dan ODHA sering kali masih memunculkan stigma negatif di masyarakat. Tak jarang mereka mendapat diskriminasi karena dianggap mudah menularkan penyakit. Padahal penularan virus HIV tidak semudah anggapan masyarakat. Akibatnya, banyak masyarakat yang enggan berinteraksi dengan ODHIV atau ODHA sehingga mereka merasa terkucilkan.

Kerap kali ODHIV dan ODHA mendapat perlakuan tidak menyenangkan seperti kesulitan mendapat pelayanan kesehatan yang sesuai, kehilangan dukungan dari teman dan keluarga, dan kehilangan pekerjaan.

Selain itu, ODHIV dan ODHA sering kali harus berhadapan dengan situasi yang tidak menyenangkan bagi kondisi mental mereka, seperti:

  • Kesulitan untuk berbagi dan menceritakan pada orang lain tentang bagaimana mereka dapat terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS.
  • Bagaimana mengatur jadwal pengobatan dan pemeriksaan rutin HIV/AIDS.

Hal-hal tersebut dapat membuat ODHIV dan ODHA kewalahan sehingga menyebabkan gangguan mental.

Dilansir dari The Lancet, ODHIV memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami masalah mental daripada orang tanpa HIV. Namun perlu diingat bahwa gangguan mental yang dialami pasien HIV merupakan kondisi yang dapat disembuhkan dengan perawatan yang sesuai.

 

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Gangguan Mental yang Rentan Dialami ODHIV dan ODHA

Beberapa gangguan mental yang biasa dialami ODHIV dan ODHA antara lain:

Depresi

Dilansir dari CDC, salah satu gangguan mental yang paling umum dialami ODHIV dan ODHA adalah depresi. Depresi dapat bervariasi mulai dari depresi ringan hingga berat dan dapat memengaruhi aktivitas Anda sehari-hari. Beberapa gejala depresi yang sering muncul antara lain:

  • Merasa sedih sepanjang hari.
  • Kehilangan semangat untuk menjalani aktivitas yang biasanya disukai.
  • Mudah marah, frustrasi dan kelelahan.
  • Sulit tidur dan badan tetap terasa lelah setelah bangun tidur.
  • Sering muncul keinginan untuk bunuh diri atau melukai diri sendiri.

Gangguan Kecemasan

Virus HIV sebenarnya tidak dapat menyebabkan gangguan kecemasan. Namun sejumlah pengobatan HIV dapat menyebabkan gejala gangguan kecemasan. ODHIV dan ODHA juga berisiko mengalami gangguan kecemasan dibandingkan populasi umum.

Beberapa gangguan kecemasan yang dapat dialami ODHIV dan ODHA antara lain:

  • Gangguan panik
  • Fobia sosial
  • Agorafobia (gangguan kecemasan pada tempat atau situasi)
  • Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
  • Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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Gangguan Kepribadian

Gangguan kepribadian adalah jenis gangguan mental di mana Anda memiliki pola pikir, fungsi dan perilaku yang tidak sehat. Orang dengan gangguan kepribadian sering mengalami kesulitan untuk memahami dan berhubungan dengan orang dan situasi. Hal ini menyebabkan masalah dan keterbatasan yang signifikan dalam hubungan pekerjaan dan kegiatan sosial.

Sebuah penelitian lama di tahun 1993 dan 2011 mengungkapkan bahwa orang dengan HIV/AIDS, rentan mengalami gangguan kepribadian. Beberapa contoh gangguan kepribadian yang dialami antara lain tidak mudah percaya dengan orang lain, mudah menarik diri dari orang lain, merasa hampa dan sering mencari perhatian.

Selain gangguan mental di atas, ODHIV dan ODHA juga berisiko mengalami gangguan mental lainnya seperti gangguan stres pascatrauma (PTSD), gangguan bipolar dan skizofrenia.

 

Penanganan Gangguan Mental pada ODHIV dan ODHA

Gangguan mental pada ODHIV dan ODHA dapat menghambat proses pengobatan yang harus dijalani. Agar ODHIV dan ODHA dapat memulihkan kembali kondisi mentalnya, ODHIV dan ODHA dianjurkan menerapkan latihan relaksasi untuk mengurangi tekanan yang dihadapi.

Selain berlatih relaksasi, ODHIV dan ODHA juga dianjurkan untuk berkonsultasi dengan psikolog atau psikiater, juga bergabung dengan support group ODHIV dan ODHA. Bergabung dalam komunitas ODHIV dan ODHA dapat membantu sesama pengidap HIV berbagi cerita dan memberikan dukungan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 22:09

Yimer S, Girma Z, Mengistu N, Shumye S. Determinants of Common Mental Disorders Among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending ART Service in Southern Ethiopia. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2021;13:917-925

https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S329256

HIV. GOV. (2022). Mental Health and HIV. Available from: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/mental-health

National Institue of Mental Health. HIV and AIDS and Mental Health. Available from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/hiv-aids#

Gooden, E. et al. (2022). The risk of mental illness in people living with HIV in the UK: a propensity score-matched cohort study. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(21)00319-2/fulltext

Mayo Clinic (2016). Personality disorders. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/personality-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20354463#

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 248 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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