Berenang di Kolam Renang Umum, Bisakah Menularkan HIV

Berenang di Kolam Renang Umum, Bisakah Menularkan HIV
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Infeksi HIV dan penyakit AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah penyakit yang sering mendapat stigma negatif di masyarakat. Minimnya informasi dan edukasi di masyarakat menyebabkan banyaknya mitos yang beredar seputar HIV dan AIDS. Salah satun dari mitos tersebut adalah virus HIV berisiko menular di kolam renang. Bagaimana fakta sebenarnya?

 

Bisakah HIV Menular di Kolam Renang?

Mitos seputar penularan HIV di kolam renang berawal dari sebuah peristiwa di tahun 1987 ketika Municipal Swimming Pool ditutup untuk umum setelah salah seorang pengunjung yang positif HIV berenang di kolam tersebut. Peristiwa ini menandakan bahwa masih banyak orang yang percaya bahwa virus ini dapat menyebar melalui kolam renang.

Namun faktanya tidak demikian. Penularan HIV di kolam renang hanyalah mitos. Ketika virus keluar dari tubuh penderitanya, virus tersebut tidak bisa bertahan lama, tidak bisa bereproduksi dan akan mati. Infeksi HIV tidak dapat menular melalui perantara udara, serangga dan air.

Itulah sebabnya ketika Anda tinggal bersama orang dengan HIV (ODHIV), Anda tidak akan langsung tertular HIV jika tidak melakukan aktivitas berisiko seperti berhubungan seksual tanpa kondom.

Berenang di kolam renang umum dengan pasien HIV tidak membuat Anda tertular HIV. Virus ini tidak dapat bertahan lama di air. Terlebih lagi kolam renang umum biasanya menggunakan klorin sebagai pembersih kolam renang, sehingga virus HIV yang terkena klorin pun akan segera mati.

Baca Juga: 5 Mitos Seputar HIV/AIDS dan Fakta Dibaliknya

 

Bagaimana Penularan Virus HIV?

Virus HIV dapat menular melalui cairan tubuh. Namun tidak semua cairan tubuh bisa menularkan virus. Cairan tubuh yang dapat menularkan virus HIV adalah cairan kelamin seperti air mani, cairan vagina, darah, dan air susu ibu (ASI).

Beberapa aktvitas yang dapat menularkan HIV antara lain:

  • Berhubungan seks tanpa kondom, baik seks anal maupun vaginal.
  • Berganti-ganti pasangan saat berhubungan seks tanpa kondom.
  • Berbagi jarum suntik yang tidak steril dengan penderita HIV.
  • Ibu yang positif HIV dan tidak mengonsumsi obat antiretroviral melahirkan melalui vagina.

Selain proses di atas, HIV juga dapat ditularkan melalui kontak langsung antara lendir dan luka yang terbuka dengan cairan tubuh.

Baca Juga: Jangan Takut Menyusui, Begini Cara Cegah HIV dari Ibu ke Bayi

 

Kegiatan yang Tidak Dapat Menularkan HIV

Virus HIV adalah virus yang cepat mati ketika berada di luar tubuh. Karenanya, Anda masih dapat melakukan interaksi sosial dengan ODHIV tanpa perlu khawatir tertular virus HIV. Berikut ini beberapa kegiatan sosial yang tidak berisiko menularkan virus HIV:

  • Gigitan hewan seperti nyamuk, kutu, atau serangga lainnya.
  • Batuk dan bersin.
  • Berbagi makanan dan alat makan.
  • Saling meminjam pakaian atau handuk.
  • Menggunakan kamar mandi atau toilet bergantian.
  • Menyentuh air liur, air mata dan keringat yang tidak bercampur darah dari orang yang positif HIV.
  • Aktivitas fisik lainnya yang tidak melibatkan pertukaran cairan tubuh seperti berpelukan, berciuman yang tidak menimbulkan luka terbuka, cium pipi, berjabat tangan, bergandeng tangan dan tidur seranjang dengan orang positif HIV.

Berenang bersama ODHIV di kolam renang umum juga tidak dapat menularkan virus HIV. Pengidap HIV juga perlu berolahraga untuk menjaga stamina dan membuat badan tidak mudah lelah.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:35

AP News. (1987). City Pool Closed After Swim by AIDS Victim. Available from: https://apnews.com/article/0419dc3f67a7354b1fd22e490a67ed7f.

CDC. HIV Transmission. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html#.

HIV. (2022). How Is HIV Transmitted?. Available from: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/how-is-hiv-transmitted.

Standford HEalth Care. How Is HIV Transmitted?. Available from: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/causes.html#.

CDC. Ways HIV is Not Transmitted (2021). from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/not-transmitted.html.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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