Benarkah Ciuman dapat Menularkan HIV?

Benarkah Ciuman dapat Menularkan HIV?

Bagikan :


HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. Bila tidak segera ditangani, HIV dapat menyebabkan AIDS (acquired immunodeficiendy syndrome). Hingga saat ini, belum dapat ditemukan obat yang bisa menyembuhkan HIV, namun jika pasien HIV mengonsumsi obat antivirus yang tepat, perkembangan virus HIV dalam tubuh dapat dikontrol. 

Penularan HIV

HIV dapat menular melalui pertukaran cairan tubuh seperti darah, air mani, cairan vagina, cairan anus, dan ASI. Penularan HIV yang paling umum adalah melalui kegiatan yang memungkinkan pertukaran cairan tubuh seperti hubungan seksual tanpa kondom, transfusi darah, penggunaan jarum suntik bergantian serta kehamilan, melahirkan, dan menyusui.

HIV juga dapat menular ketika cairan tubuh tersebut masuk ke dalam tubuh orang lain melalui luka terbuka di kulit, sariawan terbuka di bibir, luka pada gusi dan lidah, selaput lendir pada dinding vagina dan jaringan tubuh yang lecet di area anus. Hubungan seksual seperti seks anal dan seks oral yang dilakukan tanpa kondom juga merupakan kegiatan yang berisiko menularkan HIV.

Apakah ciuman bisa menularkan HIV?

Salah satu pertanyaan yang sering diajukan mengenai penularan HIV adalah: apakah ciuman dapat menularkan HIV?. Dilansir dari NHS, meskipun HIV dapat terdeteksi melalui air liur namun berciuman dengan penyandang HIV positif tidak dapat menularkan virus.

HIV dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui luka atau area yang robek di dalam selaput lendir yang melapisi vagina dan rektum. Mulut juga mengandung selaput lendir, namun tidak mengandung sel yang rentan terhadap HIV seperti pada vagina dan rektum.

Selain itu, air liur juga mengandung protein dan enzim SLPI (Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor) yang mampu mencegah HIV menginfeksi monosit dan sel T, bagian dari sistem kekebalan tubuh yang menjadi sasaran HIV. Akibatnya, virus HIV tidak dapat menginfeksi sel di area mulut sehingga tubuh tidak terinfeksi HIV.

Mencium orang positif HIV tidak memicu penularan penyakit, namun dilansir dari CDC, pada kondisi yang sangat jarang terjadi seseorang dapat menularkan HIV melalui ciuman mulut yang dalam dan terbuka jika keduanya memiliki luka atau gusi berdarah. Virus HIV dapat masuk melalui darah yang kemudian akan menyebabkan infeksi.

Kegiatan ini tidak dapat menularkan HIV

Selain berciuman, beberapa kegiatan intim seperti cium pipi dan berpelukan juga tidak dapat menularkan HIV. Beberapa kegiatan lainnya yang tidak menularkan HIV di antaranya:

  • Menghirup udara yang sama
  • Berenang bersama orang positif HIV
  • Mengusap keringat orang positif HIV
  • Berbagi makanan dan bergantian alat makan
  • Menggunakan toilet bergantian
  • Menggaruk (asal tidak menimbulkan luka)
  • Gigitan nyamuk

Selama tidak terjadi kontak cairan tubuh, maka berada di sekitar orang HIV dan melakukan aktivitas lain bersama-sama tidak akan membuat seseorang tertular virus.

 

HIV/AIDS merupakan salah satu penyakit yang berisiko tinggi menyebabkan kematian jika tidak mendapat penanganan yang tepat. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan seputar penularan dan penanganan HIV maka segera konsultasikan ke dokter untuk mendapat informasi yang akurat. Pemahaman akan HIV/AIDS yang tepat dapat membantu menurunkan angka penularan di masyarakat.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 07:59

NHS. Can You Catch HIV From Kissing?. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/sexual-health/can-you-catch-hiv-from-kissing/.

CDC. HIV Transmission. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html.

Medical News Today. Why You Cannot Get HIV from Kissing. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323847#how-hiv-is-not-transmitted.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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