Bagaimana Ciri-Ciri Paru-Paru yang Tidak Sehat?

Bagaimana Ciri-Ciri Paru-Paru yang Tidak Sehat?
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Anda tentu sering mendengar larangan merokok karena dapat menyebabkan kerusakan paru-paru. Namun seperti apa kerusakan paru-paru yang disebabkan oleh kebiasaan merokok dan apa perbedaan antara paru-paru yang sehat dan tidak? Untuk mengenali tanda paru-paru Anda sedang tidak sehat, simak ulasan berikut.

 

Fungsi Paru-Paru

Paru-paru merupakan organ utama dalam sistem pernapasan manusia. Organ paru-paru berjumlah sepasang yang berada di kanan dan kiri. Umumnya paru-paru kiri berukuran lebih ringan dari paru-paru sebelah kanan. Paru-paru kanan memliki tiga bagian, sedangkan paru-paru bagian kiri memiliki dua bagian.

Fungsi utama dari organ paru-paru adalah menyediakan oksigen bagi seluruh tubuh. Paru-paru menjadi tempat berlangsungnya pertukaran oksigen yang dihirup dengan karbon dioksida dalam darah.

Dalam sistem respirasi, oksigan dari udara masuk melalui darah, sedangkan karbon dioksida dan gas buangan sisa metabolisme akan meninggalkan darah. Jika organ paru-paru mengalami gangguan, maka kemampuan paru-paru untuk pertukaran dan peredaran oksigen akan berkurang.

 

Baca Juga: Gejala dan Penyebab Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik

 

Tanda Paru-Paru Tidak Sehat

Terkadang kita tidak menyadari bahwa ada masalah dengan organ paru-paru. Beberapa gejala seperti batuk-batuk sering dianggap sebagai masalah kesehatan yang ringan. Namun jika Anda mengalami batuk berkepanjangan sebaiknya segera konsultasikan ke dokter.

Tanda-tanda paru tidak sehat yang perlu diwaspadai antara lain:

 

Batuk kronis

Batuk adalah mekanisme tubuh untuk mengeluarkan zat asing dalam saluran pernapasan. Jika Anda mengalami batuk yang tidak kunjung sembuh, sebaiknya amati berapa lama batuk tersebut berlangsung. Apabila batuk berlangsung selama delapan minggu atau lebih maka batuk tersebut termasuk batuk kronis.

Batuk kronis merupakan kondisi penting untuk penanda bahwa ada yang salah dengan sistem pernapasan Anda. Beberapa penyebab batuk kronis di antaranya:

  • Postnasal drip
  • Asma
  • GERD
  • Infeksi
  • Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK)
  • Efek samping obat penurun tekanan darah tinggi

Jika Anda mengalami batuk kronis di luar penyebab di atas sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

 

Sesak napas

Sesak napas dapat terjadi ketika Anda sedang berolahraga atau baru saja melakukan aktivitas berat. Namun jika Anda mengalami sesak napas yang tidak kunjung hilang, atau sesak napas tanpa didahului penyebab yang jelas, kondisi ini perlu diwaspadai sebagai tanda paru-paru tidak sehat. Apabila Anda mengalami sesak napas seperti gejala tersebut sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter.

 

Produksi lendir kronis

Paru-paru dan saluran pernapasan yang normal umumnya bersih dari lendir. Lendir atau dahak yang diproduksi pada saluran pernapasan menandakan ada zat asing pada saluran tersebut. Lendir yang diproduksi juga merupakan bentuk pertahanan terhadap infeksi atau iritasi. Jika produksi lendir Anda telah berlangsung sebulan atau lebih, ini bisa mengindikasikan penyakit paru-paru.

 

Baca Juga: Peradangan pada Ginjal (Glomerulonefritis), Seperti apa Gejalanya? 

 

Mengi

Mengi atau pernapasan yang berbunyi dapat menandakan adanya gangguan pada paru. Suara "ngik" saat bernapas merupakan penanda bahwa ada sesuatu yang menghalangi saluran udara paru-paru Anda. Mengi juga dapat menjadi indikasi bahwa saluran pernapasan Anda menyempit. Umumnya mengi dialami oleh pengidap asma dan bronkitis. 

 

Batuk darah

Batuk darah merupakan keluhan yang bisa menandakan kondisi serius. Batuk darah terjadi akibat kerusakan pembuluh darah di sekitar saluran pernapasan. Penyebabnya sangat beragam, di antaranya:

  • Bronkitis
  • TBC
  • Pneumonia
  • Aspergillosis
  • Edema paru
  • Kanker paru
  • Cedera di daerah dada
  • Hipertensi pulmonal

 

Nyeri dada kronis

Nyeri dada yang tidak dapat dijelaskan yang berlangsung selama sebulan atau lebih terutama jika terasa semakin parah saat Anda bernapas atau batuk juga merupakan tanda masalah paru yang perlu diwaspadai. 

 

Itulah beberapa tanda paru-paru mengalami masalah kesehatan. Beberapa gejala merupakan masalah ringan, namun jika terjadi selama terus-menerus dapat mengindikasikan masalah paru-paru yang lebih serius. Jika Anda mengalami salah satu atau beberapa gejala di atas sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter untuk mendapat penanganan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 13:49

Newman, T. (2021). What is the function and structure of the lungs, and how to do a lung function test. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305190

Story, C. (2018). 5 Ways to Keep Your Lungs Healthy and Whole. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/understanding-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis/ways-to-keep-your-lungs-healthy-and-whole

American Lung Association. Protecting Your Lung. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/wellness/protecting-your-lungs

Hanley, S. (2022). Healthy Lungs vs. Smokers’ Lungs: What You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/healthy-lungs-smokers-lungs

Mayo Clinic. Chronic Cough. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-cough/symptoms-causes/syc-20351575#

 

OASH. Lung Disease. Available from: https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/lung-disease

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2869 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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