Cara Menurunkan Risiko HIV pada Janin Selama Kehamilan

Cara Menurunkan Risiko HIV pada Janin Selama Kehamilan
Credits: Freepik

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Selama ini, orang mengira bahwa HIV/AIDS hanya dapat dialami oleh pria yang menjalani hubungan seksual sesama jenis. Kenyataannya, baik pria maupun wanita yang menjalani hubungan seksual lawan jenis juga bisa terinfeksi HIV.

Umumnya, wanita terinfeksi HIV melalui hubungan seksual tanpa penggunaan kondom dengan orang yang positif HIV. Status positif HIV pada wanita sangat berisiko membahayakan janin apabila hubungan seksual membuahkan kehamilan.

 

Risiko Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Janin 

Saat seorang wanita yang terinfeksi HIV hamil, maka virus HIV di dalam tubuhnya berisiko ditularkan pada janin melalui beberapa cara berikut ini: 

  • HIV dapat ditularkan kepada janin di dalam rahim melalui plasenta. Plasenta digunakan untuk mengirimkan nutrisi dan oksigen sehingga janin dapat tumbuh dan berkembang sampai persalinan.
  • HIV dapat ditularkan dari ibu ke bayi selama proses persalinan, terutama melalui persalinan normal melalui vagina atau saat cairan ketuban pecah.
  • HIV juga dapat ditularkan ibu ke bayi melalui ASI.

Baca Juga: Demam pada Bayi Baru Lahir, Apa yang Harus Dilakukan?

 

Cara Menurunkan Risiko Penularan HIV ke Janin atau Bayi 

Sangat penting untuk melakukan skrining HIV sebelum menikah dan menjalani tes pranikah lainnya. Tes pranikah dapat membantu mengetahui kondisi kesehatan setiap pasangan yang akan menikah dan juga kemungkinan risiko kesehatan yang bisa dialami oleh anak, misalnya adanya kelainan genetik.

Skrining HIV membantu mendeteksi dan mengobati HIV lebih dini, sehingga ibu yang positif HIV tetap dapat mengandung dengan aman. 

Jika Anda positif HIV dan merencanakan kehamilan, maka langkah terbaik adalah merencanakan kehamilan di bawah pengawasan dokter. Dengan demikian, dokter tetap bisa membantu merekomendasikan pengobatan yang sesuai dengan kondisi Anda. 

Baca Juga: Komplikasi Kesehatan yang Berisiko Terjadi Pada Bayi Prematur

 

Berikut adalah beberapa cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk menurunkan risiko HIV pada janin, di antaranya: 

  • Mengonsumsi kombinasi obat antiretroviral (ARV) sesuai yang telah diresepkan oleh dokter.
  • Menjalani persalinan melalui prosedur sesar apabila memungkinkan, terutama ketika hasil tes lab menyatakan viral load (kadar virus dalam tubuh) yang tinggi. Persalinan sesar dapat menurunkan risiko penularan pada janin dan dijadwalkan pada usia kehamilan 38 minggu atau 2 minggu sebelum hari perkiraan lahir.
  • Mengonsumsi obat ARV selama kehamilan hingga persalinan seperti yang telah diresepkan oleh dokter tanpa terlewat sekalipun.
  • Memberikan pengobatan antiretroviral pada bayi segera setelah bayi dilahirkan.
  • Tidak memberikan ASI pada bayi dan memberikan alternatif susu formula.

Bayi yang dilahirkan dari ibu positif HIV harus dites selama beberapa kali dalam bulan pertama kehidupannya. Tes dilakukan untuk mencari keberadaan virus dalam darah bayi. Bicarakan dengan dokter terkait tes dan juga bagaimana cara merawat bayi yang aman apabila Anda atau pasangan positif HIV.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 04:42

ACOG (2021). HIV and Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/hiv-and-pregnancy

HIV.info (2021). HIV Medicines During Pregnancy and Childbirth. Available from: https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-medicines-during-pregnancy-and-childbirth

Anare V. Holmes (2022). HIV in Women Who Have Sex With Women. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/hiv-women-sex-women

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7056 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7056
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7280 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7280
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3413 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3413
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3083 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.49msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5760 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5698 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5698
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5769 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5769
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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