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Bukan Hanya karena Covid-19, Inilah Penyebab Anosmia Lainnya

Bukan Hanya karena Covid-19, Inilah Penyebab Anosmia Lainnya
Credits: Freepik. Kehilangan penciuman dapat menjadi gejala suatu penyakit.

Bagikan :


Anosmia berarti kehilangan indera penciuman. Anosmia menjadi salah satu gejala yang sering dikeluhkan penderita Covid-19. Namun, anosmia juga dapat menjadi gejala lain dari penyakit tertentu. Simak pembahasannya. 
 

Seperti Apa Gejala Anosmia?

Anosmia seringkali tidak disertai tanda-tanda tertentu. Kehilangan penciuman ini bisa berkembang perlahan namun juga bisa terjadi secara mendadak. Anda mungkin baru memperhatikan ketika aroma yang biasanya dikenal memiliki bau yang berbeda sebelum benar-benar kehilangan penciuman.
 

Penyebab Anosmia Selain Covid-19 

Walaupun istilah anosmia populer sejak adanya Covid-19, sebenarnya anosmia telah ada sebelumnya karena kondisi kesehatan lainnya. Adapun penyebab anosmia selain Covid-19 di antaranya: 

Polip hidung 

Polip hidung merupakan tumor jinak di saluran hidung. Polip hidung ditandai dengan adanya benjolan bertangkai yang tumbuh di bagian hidung, teraba lunak, dan tidak nyeri. Pertumbuhan tersebut akibat adanya peradangan kronis atau jangka panjang pada lapisan hidung.
 

Pilek 

Pilek atau disebut common cold adalah infeksi virus pada hidung dan tenggorokan. Pilek biasanya disebabkan oleh rhinovirus yang umumnya akan sembuh dalam seminggu atau 10 hari.
 
Sebagian besar gejalanya mungkin sangat ringan, seperti hidung berair, hidung tersumbat, sakit tenggorokan, batuk, nyeri tubuh, sakit kepala, dan demam. Saat hidung tersumbat Anda juga mungkin mengalami anosmia. 
 

Influenza 

Banyak orang mengira bahwa pilek dan influenza sama, karena memang memiliki gejala yang mirip. Perlu diketahui bahwa pilek dan influenza sebenarnya berbeda.
 
Influenza atau flu disebabkan oleh virus influenza yang disertai dengan gejala yang lebih berat dibandingkan pilek. Sebagian orang juga mungkin kehilangan penciumannya saat terinfeksi influenza.
 
 

Deviasi septum 

Kedua lubang hidung dipisahkan oleh struktur yang disebut septum nasal. Deviasi septum nasal terjadi ketika posisi septum nasal tidak berada tepat di tengah. Posisi septum nasal yang tidak berada di tengah dapat menyebabkan salah satu lubang hidung menjadi lebih kecil.
 
Jika deviasi septum yang terjadi cukup berat, hal ini dapat memblokir salah satu sisi hidung dan mengurangi aliran udara yang menyebabkan kesulitan bernapas dan juga kehilangan penciuman. 
 

Infeksi sinus (sinusitis) 

Sinus adalah ruang berongga yang terdapat di belakang mata, di belakang tulang pipi, dan di dahi. Infeksi sinus atau sinusitis adalah peradangan pada rongga sinus, yang terjadi akibat adanya penumpukan cairan di rongga sinus. Penumpukan cairan ini memungkinkan pertumbuhan kuman yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi. 
 
Sinusitis ditandai dengan gejala seperti hidung berair, hidung tersumbat, tekanan di wajah, sakit kepala, sakit tenggorokan, batuk, dan bau mulut. Anda juga mungkin kehilangan penciuman saat hidung tersumbat karena sinusitis. 
 

Penyebab lainnya 

  • Peradangan hidung akibat alergi
  • Paparan asap atau zat beracun yang terhirup
  • Cedera kepala yang mengenai saraf 
  • Penyakit neurodegeneratif (penuaan), seperti penyakit alzheimer dan penyakit Parkinson
  • Tumor nasofaring 
 
Anosmia dapat didiagnosis oleh spesialis THT dengan memeriksa gejala, pemeriksaan fisik serta pemeriksaan lainnya. Dalam beberapa kasus, CT scan mungkin diperlukan untuk membantu mengetahui penyebab terjadinya anosmia. 
 
Anosmia dapat pulih dengan sendirinya, tergantung pada apa penyebabnya. Beberapa obat-obatan mungkin dibutuhkan untuk mengembalikan penciuman. Anda perlu memeriksakan diri dan membicarakannya dengan dokter terkait pengobatan dan perawatan yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi anosmia. 
 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 
Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 09:22
Cleveland Clinic (2021). Anosmia (Loss of Sense of Smell). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21859-anosmia-loss-of-sense-of-smell
 
Heidi Moawad, MD (2022). Anosmia. Available from: Anosmia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment (verywellhealth.com)
 
Kevin Jiang (2020). How COVID-19 Causes Loss of Smell. Available from: https://hms.harvard.edu/news/how-covid-19-causes-loss-smell
 
 
 
Mayo Clinic (2022). Influenza (flu). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719
 
 
CDC (2019). Sinus Infection (Sinusitis). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/sinus-infection.html
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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