Berbagai Pemeriksaan untuk Mengetahui Fungsi Paru

Berbagai Pemeriksaan untuk Mengetahui Fungsi Paru
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Paru-paru adalah organ penting dalam tubuh manusia yang diperlukan untuk mengatur oksigen yang masuk. Ketika ada masalah dalam paru-paru, maka tubuh akan mengalami gangguan pernapasan. Untuk mengetahui apakah paru-paru dapat berfungsi optimal bisa dilakukan melalui serangkaian tes pemeriksaan fungsi paru.

 

Mengapa Dilakukan Tes Fungsi Paru?

Tes fungsi paru atau tes pernapasan adalah serangkaian porsedur medis yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah paru-paru dapat berfungsi secara optimal. Pemeriksaan ini biasanya dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi berikut:

  • Mendiagnosis penyebab gangguan pernapasan
  • Memantau perkembangan penyakit paru-paru kronis seperti asma, emfisema atau penyakit paru obstruktif kronis, dan kanker paru
  • Memantau fungsi paru-paru sebelum operasi
  • Memeriksa paparan bahan kimia berbahaya yang menyebabkan kerusakan paru

Pemeriksaan paru penting dilakukan karena umumnya gejala masalah pada paru-paru adalah sesak napas, Namun sesak napas bukan hanya dapat disebabkan oleh masalah pada paru-paru atau sistem pernapasan. Agar mendapatkan diagnosis yang sesuai, maka perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan fungsi paru-paru. 

 

Baca Juga: Mengenal Pneumotoraks, Kondisi Ketika Paru-Paru Mengempis

 

Jenis-Jenis Pemeriksaan Fungsi Paru

1. Tes spirometri

Spirometri adalah pemeriksaan paling umum dalam mengukur kesehatan organ paru. Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan menggunakan alat spirometer untuk mengukur berapa banyak udara yang dapat dihirup pasien dan seberapa cepat pasien mengembuskan napas.

Cara melakukan pemeriksaan spirometri adalah sebagai berikut:

  1. Pasien akan diminta duduk dalam posisi yang nyaman
  2. Dokter akan memasang corong pada mulut yang terhubung dengan alat spirometer, kemudian pasien menarik napas panjang, lalu embuskan sekuat tenaga
  3. Hasil aliran udara akan tampak pada layar

 

Baca Juga: Bagaimana Ciri-Ciri Paru-Paru yang Tidak Sehat?

 

2. Tes volume paru

Tes volume paru atau yang dikenal dengan body plethysmography adalah pemeriksaan untuk mengukur volume udara yang mampu ditampung paru-paru dan mengukur sisa udara setelah Anda mengembuskan napas dengan kuat. Biasanya pemeriksaan ini dilakukan untuk membantu diagnosis penyakit paru kronis seperti PPOK, asma, fibrosis paru, dan saroidosis.

 

3. Tes kapasistas difusi paru

Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan untuk mengukur seberapa baik oksigen bergerak dari paru-paru hingga masuk ke darah. Cara pemeriksaan ini mirip dengan spirometri, yaitu Anda diminta untuk bernapas menggunakan bantuan alat.

 

4. Tes provokasi brankial

Tes provokasi brankial dilakukan untuk menilai ada atau tidaknya hiperaktivitas bronkus. Pemeriksaan ini biasa dilakukan dokter untuk membantu mendiagnosis asma dan mengukur seberapa parah asma pada pasien.

Selama tes, Anda menghirup obat yang membuat saluran udara Anda menyempit. Kemudian, Anda melakukan tes spirometri. Proses ini akan dilakukan beberapa kali. Dokter akan menggunakan hasil bacaan tersebut untuk mempelajari seberapa banyak saluran udara yang menyempit selama serangan asma terjadi.

 

5. Analisis gas darah

Tes ini mengukur kadar gas seperti oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam darah. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan mengambil darah dari salah satu arteri Anda untuk kemudian dianalisis. 

 

6. Tes exhaled nitric oxide

Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar nitrat oksida yang diembuskan dari paru-paru. Semakin tinggi kadar nitrat oksida, kemungkinan adanya peradangan pada saluran pernapasan akan semakin tinggi. Biasanya kondisi ini ditemukan pada pasien dengan gejala asma.

 

Itulah beberapa jenis pemeriksaan yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengetahui fungsi dan kapasitas paru. Dokter akan meminta Anda melakukan pemeriksaan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi kesehatan Anda. Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi mengenai pemeriksaan paru-paru menggunakan layanan aplikasi Ai Care yang berbasis artificial intelligence. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 09:17

American Lung Association. Lung Function Tests. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/lung-function-tests

John Hopkins Medicine. Pulmonary Function Tests. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/pulmonary-function-tests

 

Cleveland Clinic. Pulmonary Function Testing. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17966-pulmonary-function-testing

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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