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Trakoma, Penyakit Mata Serius yang Dapat Menyebabkan Kebutaan

Trakoma, Penyakit Mata Serius yang Dapat Menyebabkan Kebutaan
Credit: Freepik. Trakoma adalah penyakit infeksi bakteri yang tidak bisa dianggap remeh.

Bagikan :


Trakoma adalah salah satu penyakit mata yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Meskipun dapat disembuhkan, namun jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Terlebih lagi, trakoma sangat mudah menular. Seberapa berbahayakah penyakit trakoma pada mata?

 

Apa Itu Trakoma?

Penyakit trakoma adalah penyakit mata yang mengiritasi mata dan kelopak mata. Dilansir dari CDC, trakoma merupakan penyakit yang menyebabkan kebutaan dan kehilangan penglihatan melebihi infeksi bakteri lainnya.

Penyakit ini perlu diwaspadai karena sangat mudah menular melalui sentuhan tangan, berbagi alat pribadi, dan melalui lalat yang sudah terkontaminasi.

Apabila trakoma tidak ditangani dengan tepat, infeksi bakteri dapat terjadi secara berulang kali dalam hitungan tahun. Akibatnya akan timbul jaringan parut pada kelopak mata.

Jaringan parut tersebut akan menarik bulu mata ke dalam. Akibatnya bulu mata menggesek kornea ke dalam dan menyebabkan iritasi (trichiasis). Kondisi ini kemudian menyebabka kerusakan pada kornea dan menyebabkan kebutaan.

Baca lebih lanjut mengenai Trchiasis: Penyakit Trikiasis - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala, dan Tata Laksana | AI Care (ai-care.id)

 

Penyebab Trakoma

Trakoma disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Chlamydia Trachomatis yang juga merupakan penyebab penyakit infeksi menular seksual klamidia. Bakteri ini dapat menyebar dari cairan mata atau hidung orang yang terinfeksi.

Selain itu penularan bakteri juga dapat terjadi melalui penggunaan barang pribadi seperti handuk atau pakaian secara bergantian. Pada beberapa kasus, lalat dapat menjadi salah satu media penularan bakteri penyebab trakoma.

 

Gejala dan Tahap-Tahap Perkembangan Trakoma

Gejala trakoma dapat memengaruhi salah satu atau kedua mata. Beberapa gejala trakoma yang sering muncul antara lain:

  • Rasa gatal ringan dan iritasi pada mata dan kelopak mata
  • Keluarnya cairan mata yang mengandung lendir atau nanah
  • Kelopak mata bengkak
  • Sensitivitas cahaya (fotofobia)
  • Sakit mata
  • Mata merah
  • Kehilangan penglihatan

Umumnya anak-anak sangat rentan terkena infeksi trakoma. Namun perlu diketahui bahwa trakoma adalah penyakit yang berkembang secara perlahan dan gejala yang lebih parah dapat dirasakan menjelang dewasa.

Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, menurut WHO penyakit trakoma dapat berkembang dalam beberapa tahapan, yaitu:

Peradangan awal. Pada tahap infeksi awal akan tumbul folikel atau benjolan kecil yang mengandung limfosit. Kondisi ini ditandai dengan pembesaran pada permukaan bagian dalam kelopak mata atas.

Peradangan intens. Pada tahap ini, mata sudah menunjukkan tanda-tanda iritasi dengan penebalan atau pembengkakan kelopak mata atas.

Jaringan parut kelopak mata. Infeksi berulang menyebabkan munculnya jaringan parut pada kelopak mata bagian dalam dan terlihat sebagai garis putih. Peradangan ini juga dapat menyebabkan kelopak mata terbalik (entropion).

Bulu mata terbalik (trichiasis). Lapisan dalam kelopak mata Anda yang terluka terus dapat berubah bentuk, menyebabkan bulu mata Anda masuk sehingga menggores permukaan kornea.

Kornea tampak keruh. Kornea juga dapat terpengaruh akibat peradangan yang mudah terlihat di kelopak mata atas Anda. Peradangan yang terus-menerus juga diperparah dengan gesekan yang disebabkan oleh bulu mata sehingga membuat kornea semakin keruh.

Penanganan trakoma akan disesuaikan dengan tahapan perkembangan kondisi trakoma. Pada tahap awal, trakoma dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antibiotik. Dokter dapat meresepkan tetracycline atau obat oral azithromycin.

WHO juga merekomendasikan pemberian antibiotik ketika terdapat kasus trakoma pada anak-anak mencapai lebih dari 10%.

Apabila trakoma sudah sampai pada tahap akhir dan menyebabkan perubahan bentuk kelopak mata maka dokter akan merekomendasikan operasi.

 

Trakoma adalah penyakit infeksi bakteri yang tidak bisa dianggap remeh. Penyakit ini berkembang secara perlahan dan dapat menyebabkan kebutaan.

Pencegahan trakoma dapat dilakukan dengan sering mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun serta mencuci wajah dengan bersih. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala trakoma maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:36

WHO. Trachoma. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma

Mayo Clinic. Trachoma. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20378505

CDC. Trachoma. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/disease/trachoma.html?

 

Ahmad B, Patel BC. Trachoma. [Updated 2022 May 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559035/

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4192 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9496 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9496
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6650 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6650
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1967 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1967
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.16msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8574 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8449
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 136 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 136
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 185 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 185
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-23 20:56:22GET/penyakit/apa-itu-trakoma3113176