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  • Mengenal Apa Itu Penyakit Infeksi, Jenis, dan Cara Mengatasinya

Mengenal Apa Itu Penyakit Infeksi, Jenis, dan Cara Mengatasinya

Mengenal Apa Itu Penyakit Infeksi, Jenis, dan Cara Mengatasinya
Credit: Freepik. Penyakit akibat infeksi adalah salah satu jenis penyakit yang paling banyak dialami masyarakat.

Bagikan :


Penyakit infeksi termasuk penyakit yang banyak dijumpai di masyarakat. Penyakit ini bisa dialami berbagai usia dan jenis kelamin. Beberapa jenis penyakit infeksi dapat diobati dengan pengobatan rumahan namun pada kasus tertentu, infeksi parah memerlukan perawatan khusus di rumah sakit.

 

Apa Itu Penyakit Infeksi?

Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, penyakit infeksi adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi dari organisme atau makhluk hidup lainnya seperti bakteri, virus, jamur dan parasit. Beberapa organisme tersebut tinggal di dalam dan sekitar tubuh kita. Pada kondisi tertentu, organisme tersebut dapat menyebabkan penyakit.

Orang yang mengalami infeksi bakteri atau virus dapat menularkan penyakit tersebut secara langsung ke orang lain. Beberapa jenis penyakit juga dapat ditularkan melalui gigitan serangga atau hewan lain.

Selain itu, Anda juga dapat mengalami penyakit infeksi akibat mengonsumsi makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi bakteri.

 

Jenis-Jenis Penyakit Infeksi

Berdasarkan penyebabnya, penyakit infeksi dapat dibagi menjadi empat jenis, yaitu:

1. Infeksi bakteri

Bakteri adalah organisme bersel satu dan tidak memiliki membran inti sel. Bakteri berukuran sangat kecil dan hidup sangat dekat dengan kehidupan manusia. Beberapa bakteri tidak berbahaya dan berguna bagi kesehatan manusia, namun ada juga bakteri yang dapat menyebarkan racun sehingga membuat Anda sakit.

Contoh penyakit infeksi bakteri antara lain infeksi saluran kemih, infeksi bakteri E. Coli, salmonellosis, kolera, TBC dan tifus. 

2. Infeksi jamur

Seperti halnya bakteri, di sekeliling manusia terdapat banyak sekali jamur. Beberapa jamur dapat tinggal dan tumbuh di dalam tubuh manusia.

Ketika jamur yang berbahaya berkembang biak dan masuk ke dalam tubuh maka seseorang dapat mengalami infeksi jamur. Beberapa penyakit akibat infeksi jamur antara lain infeksi jamur kuku, kutu air, tinea cruris (jock itch), dan ringworm.

3. Infeksi virus

Virus adalah agen infeksius kecil yang memiliki DNA dalam sangkang pelindung. Virus jauh lebih kecil dari sel Anda dan tidak memiliki cara untuk bereproduksi sendiri. Untuk berkembang biak, virus perlu masuk ke dalam sel dan menggunakan sel tersebut untuk berkembang biak.

4. Infeksi parasit

Parasit menggunakan tubuh organisme lain untuk hidup dan berkembang biak. Beberapa jenis parasit antara lain cacing dan beberapa organisme bersel tunggal (protozoa). Parasit dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk seperti penyakit malaria atau mengonsumsi makanan dan minuman yang mengandung parasit.

Beberapa jenis penyakit infeksi parasit di antaranya toksoplasmosis, giardiasis, dan penyakit menular seksual trikomoniasis.

 

Pengobatan Penyakit Infeksi

Pengobatan penyakit infeksi tergantung dari jenis penyakit tersebut dan penyebabnya. Secara umum pengobatan penyakit infeksi meliputi:

Pemberian antibiotik

Untuk mengatasi infeksi akibat bakteri, dokter akan memberikan obat-obatan antibiotik. Jika dokter dapat mengetahui jenis bakteri yang menginfeksi maka penanganan akan berjalan lebih tepat.

Namun dalam beberapa penyakit seperti pneumonia, terkadang sulit untuk menentukan apakah penyakit yang muncul akibat bakteri, virus atau jamur. Untuk itu jika Anda mengalami penyakit infeksi sebaiknya segera konsultasikan ke dokter agar dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan yang sesuai.

Pemberian antivirus

Obat antivirus diberikan untuk penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus. Namun pada beberapa penyakit, pengobatan penyakit akibat infeksi virus hanya fokus pada penanganan gejala dan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh pasien.

Pemberian antijamur

Obat-obatan antijamur terdiri dari beberapa jenis, baik topikal, oral, atau suntikan. Pada kasus infeksi jamur yang parah dan menginfeksi organ dalam, pasien dapat diberikan obat-obatan antijamur melalui infus.

Pemberian antiparasit

Antiparasit diberikan untuk mengatasi infeksi akibat parasit. Obat yang diberikan berbeda-beda tergantung pada tipe parasit yang menginfeksi pasien. Salah satu contoh antiparasit adalah mebendazole untuk mengobati infeksi cacing di usus.

Penyakit akibat infeksi adalah salah satu jenis penyakit yang paling banyak dialami masyarakat. Beberapa penyakit infeksi termasuk penyakit yang mudah menular.

Untuk mencegah penyakit tersebut, Anda dapat menerapkan gaya hidup sehat seperti rajin mencuci tangan dan menutup mulut ketika bersin. Apabila Anda merasa mengalami gejala penyakit infeksi sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 11:20

Mayo Clinic. Infectious Disease. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173#

Cleveland Clinic. Infectious Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17724-infectious-diseases

 

Manatu Haoura. Prevent the spread of infectious disease. Available from: https://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/healthy-living/environmental-health/infectious-disease-prevention-and-control/prevent-spread-infectious-disease

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6423 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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