Apa Itu Kesurupan Menurut Pandangan Medis

Apa Itu Kesurupan Menurut Pandangan Medis
Credits: Freepik

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Kesurupan adalah fenomena yang kerap terjadi di Indonesia. Fenomena yang erat dengan beberapa budaya dan kepercayaan di Indonesia ini berkaitan dengan hal-hal mistis, di mana seseorang yang mengalaminya dipercaya kemasukan setan sehingga tubuhnya dikendalikan oleh roh atau hantu. Namun, menurut pandangan medis, kesurupan sebenarnya termasuk jenis gangguan mental yang disebut Possession trance disorder.

 

Apa itu Possession Trance Disorder?

Possession trance disorder atau kesurupan ditandai dengan perubahan kesadaran dan identitas pribadi yang digantikan oleh identitas eksternal di mana perilaku dan gerakan seseorang dialami sebagai sesuatu yang nyata.

Episode kesurupan ini bersifat berulang dan mungkin berlangsung selama beberapa hari. Kesurupan bisa tidak disengaja atau disengaja (sebagai praktik budaya dan kepercayaan tertentu).

Possession trance disorder ini digolongkan dalam dissociative disorder atau gangguan disosiatif. Gangguan disosiatif sendiri adalah sekelompok gangguan kesehatan mental yang melibatkan pemisahan antara berbagai aspek pikiran, perasaan, ingatan, identitas, atau lingkungan sekitar seseorang. Gangguan ini menghasilkan gejala yang signifikan dan bisa mengganggu atau berdampak pada orang yang mengalaminya.

 

Gejala Possession Trance Disorder

Beberapa gejala possession trance disorder meliputi:

  • Penggantian identitas dengan orang lain
  • Merasa tidak menjadi diri sendiri dan terputus dari lingkungan sekitar
  • Kurangnya kesadaran diri
  • Berbicara dengan dialek dan nada suara yang berbeda
  • Berperilaku seolah-olah sebagai orang yang berbeda dan memiliki kepribadian lain
  • Mengalami halusinasi visual atau pendengaran
  • Menunjukkan sikap atau perilaku dikendalikan seperti oleh dewa, roh halus atau binatang

 

Baca Juga: Dampak Gangguan Kecemasan (Anxiety) pada Kondisi Fisik

 

Penyebab Possession Trance Disorder

Sebenarnya hingga kini penyebab possession trance disorder tidak diketahui secara jelas dan pasti. Namun, para ahli mengungkapkan bahwa kesurupan mungkin dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya:

  • Tekanan psikososial saat kehilangan seseorang atau kematian orang terdekat, perasaan bersalah, atau adanya konflik batin lainnya
  • Peristiwa traumatik yang pernah dialami seperti pelecehan seksual, perang, atau peristiwa bunuh diri dalam anggota keluarga
  • Gangguan kepribadian yang dialami
  • Pengaruh budaya berdasarkan stereotip yang dipaksakan
  • Ide komunikasi bawah sadar yang menunjukkan tuntutan yang tidak terpenuhi
  • Ekspresi kepribadian yang didasari oleh konflik yang belum terselesaikan

 

Penanganan Possession Trance Disorder

Menurut sebuah studi, pengobatan dan penanganan terhadap possession trance disorder bertujuan untuk meringankan gejala yang ada. Adapun penanganan yang bisa dilakukan di antaranya:

  • Pengobatan tradisional berdasarkan budaya setempat
  • Pengusiran setan yang melibatkan kegiatan keagamaan atau spiritual di mana seseorang mengusir makhluk spiritual dari orang yang dianggap kerasukan
  • Terapi bicara yang membantu dokter mempelajari kondisi pasien, suasana hati, perasaan, pikiran dan tindakan sehingga dapat membantu mengubah perilaku dan mengatasi tantangan dengan cara yang lebih positif

 

Baca Juga: Bucin Mungkin Disebabkan Oleh Gangguan Kepribadian

 

  • Pemberian obat-obatan seperti antipsikotik dan antidepresan
  • Terapi elektrokonvulsif (ECT), yaitu perawatan melalui pengiriman gelombang listrik yang diatur secara tepat ke seluruh otak dengan tujuan mengubah fungsi otak agar meringankan depresi berat dan gejala psikotik yang dialami

Gangguan kesurupan adalah kondisi yang kompleks. Jangan ragu mencari bantuan medis dari dokter atau psikiater untuk membantu memahami dan mengatasi gejala yang dialami. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 8 Desember 2023 | 04:05

Mayo Clinic (2023). Dissociative disorders. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215 

WHO. Possession trance disorder. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1374925579 

Silvana R. R. Ginting and Elmeida Effendy (2019). Post-Dissociative Trance Disorder: Traditional Culture of Nini Pagar from Tigabinanga. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6876804/ 

Mindhelp. Dissociative Trance Disorder. Available from: https://mind.help/topic/dissociative-trance-disorder/ 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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