Hiperakusis, Ketika Telinga Terlalu Sensitif pada Suara

Hiperakusis, Ketika Telinga Terlalu Sensitif pada Suara
Gejala hiperakusis ketika telinga terlalu sensitif pada suara. Credit: Freepik

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Pada orang yang mengidap hiperakusis atau sensitivitas berlebihan terhadap suara, mendengar suara yang bagi orang lain terdengar normal, hal ini bisa dianggap mengganggu. Seperti apa kondisi hiperakusis dan bisakah ditangani dengan obat-obatan? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Hiperakusis?

Hiperakusis adalah gangguan pendengaran langka dimana suara yang dianggap normal oleh orang lain terdengar mengganggu di telinga. Orang yang mengalami hiperakusis dapat menganggap suara normal yang didengar orang lain terdengar menjadi sangat keras dan sering kali tidak tertahankan. Kondisi ini dapat digambarkan sebagai penurunan toleransi suara atau sensitivitas tinggi pada suara.

Bentuk sensitivitas suara pada pengidap hiperakusis bisa berbeda-beda. Misalnya, ada orang yang bisa menoleransi suara tangisan bayi namun tidak bisa menerima suara musik yang terlalu keras. Namun ada juga orang yang tidak tahan suara berisik, apa pun bunyinya.

Beberapa jenis suara yang sering menjadi gangguan bagi pengidap hiperakusis antara lain:

  • Orang mengobrol
  • Suara mesin mobil yang menyala
  • Air wastafel yang mengalir
  • Suara peralatan elektronik
  • Suara lembut lainnya

Hiperakusis dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan mental dan kehidupan sosial seseorang. Beberapa pengidap hiperakusis menghindari situasi sosial untuk mengurangi risiko bising yang intens.

Belum diketahui penyebab hiperakusis, namun para ahli menduga kemungkinan besar kondisi ini disebabkan oleh adanya kelainan di struktur otak yang memengaruhi cara otak mengontrol respon tubuh dalam menerima rangsangan suara. Adanya kerusakan pada saraf pendengaran juga dapat menyebabkan hiperakusis.

Para ahli menilai hiperakusis juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal seperti:

  • Paparan suara keras dalam jangka panjang
  • Paparan suara keras secara tiba-tiba
  • Masalah kesehatan lainnya seperti gangguan kecemasan, autisme, infeksi telinga, depresi dan down syndrome
  • Riwayat cedera kepala

Baca Juga: Cara Mengatasi Infeksi Tindik (Piercing) Telinga

 

Gejala Hiperakusis

Timbulnya hiperakusis bisa bertahap atau tiba-tiba. Beberapa gejala hiperakusis antara lain:

  • Merasa nyaman mendengar suara yang sangat pelan, namun merasa terganggu dengan suara biasa (seperti suara pada volume percakapan) 
  • Merasa suara sendiri terdengar terlalu keras sehingga menyebabkan distorsi
  • Merasa terganggu dengan suara berintensitas rendah seperti suara lemari es
  • Merasa tidak nyaman, gelisah atau cemas saat mendengar suara keras 
  • Timbul rasa sakit di telinga saat mendengar suara keras tiba-tiba
  • Telinga berdenging

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Gendang Telinga Pecah dan Penanganan yang Harus Dilakukan

 

Penanganan Hiperakusis

Belum ada pengobatan untuk hiperakusis, namun kondisi ini dapat dikendalikan sesuai penyebabnya. Jika hiperakusis disebabkan oleh kondisi pascaoperasi, maka kondisi ini akan berangsur-angsur membaik. Sementara itu, orang dengan penyakit Ménière mungkin merasakan adanya perbaikan jika penyakitnya mengalami remisi.

Pengobatan hiperakusis bertujuan untuk mengurangi gejala fisik dan pencegahan untuk menangani tekanan mental akibat hiperakusis. Beberapa penanganan hiperakusis yang dapat diberikan antara lain: 

  • Terapi suara: Terapi ini dilakukan dengan memaparkan pasien pada suara yang semakin lama semakin keras sehingga melatih respon tubuh ketika mendengar variasi volume suara tersebut.
  • Terapi perilaku kognitif: Dalam terapi ini pasien akan belajar mengatasi stres dan perasaan negatif yang muncul saat mendengar suara keras. 
  • Tinnitus retaining therapy (TRT): Terapi ini biasanya merupakan pengobatan tinnitus, tetapi juga dapat mengobati hiperakusis. TRT bertujuan untuk mengedukasi pasien tentang kondisi mereka, memberikan konseling dan terapi suara.
  • Operasi: Dokter dapat merekomendasikan operasi untuk mengatasi hiperakusis yang berhubungan dengan kelumpuhan saraf wajah. Operasi ini menggunakan jaringan di belakang telinga untuk menopang tulang di telinga bagian dalam (tulang pendengaran) yang membantu mengatur intensitas suara. 

 

Hiperakusis dapat menyebabkan gangguan mental yang menyebabkan Anda mengalami stres dan depresi. Jika merasa memiliki gangguan ini sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter THT untuk mendapatkan penanganan. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 11 Desember 2023 | 06:51

Better Health. Hearing problems - hyperacusis. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hearing-problems-reduced-tolerance-to-sound

Cleveland Clinic. Hyperacusis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24320-hyperacusis

Konstantinovsky, M. (2022). Hyperacusis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/brain/sound-sensitivity-hyperacusis

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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