Ragam Penyebab Tinnitus (Telinga Berdenging)

Ragam Penyebab Tinnitus (Telinga Berdenging)
Ilustrasi telinga berdenging. Credits: Freepik.

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Tinnitus adalah kondisi di mana Anda mendengar suara berdenging di telinga tanpa adanya sumber suara eksternal di lingkungan. Kondisi telinga berdenging ini bisa sangat mengganggu. Tinnitus tidak hanya bisa terjadi pada orang lanjut usia tetapi bisa dialami siapa saja.

Pada banyak kasus tidak diketahui penyebab dari telinga berdenging, dan sangat jarang tinnitus ternyata menjadi tanda suatu penyakit serius. Namun, memang ada beberapa kondisi yang bisa menyebabkan munculnya gejala telinga berdenging. Gejala tinnitus bisa mereda atau menghilang bila kondisi medis yang sudah diketahui sebagai penyebab diobati atau diatasi.

 

Penyebab Tinnitus (Telinga Berdenging)

Sekitar 75% kasus telinga berdenging berkaitan dengan kelainan pada telinga. Kelainan tersebut dialami oleh orang yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran, di antaranya:

 

Presbikusis (penurunan pendengaran terkait usia)

Gangguan pendengaran terkait usia atau presbikusis, adalah penurunan fungsi pendengaran secara bertahap yang kerap dialami orang lanjut usia. Kondisi ini biasanya terjadi secara perlahan sehingga sebagian orang mungkin tidak menyadari masalah pendengaran yang dialaminya.

Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, terjadi perubahan struktur pada organ pendengaran dan fungsi pendengaran. Kehilangan sel rambut reseptor di telinga bagian dalam, berkurangnya serat saraf koklear, atau perubahan pada bagian rumah siput (koklea) di telinga adalah salah satu dari hal-hal yang bisa menyebabkan munculnya masalah pendengaran.

Salah satu gejala yang bisa muncul pada presbikusis adalah tinnitus. Gejala telinga berdenging bisa dirasakan pada satu atau kedua telinga.

 

Paparan suara keras atau ledakan

Paparan suara keras atau ledakan, baik yang didengar dalam jangka waktu yang panjang atau sebentar namun sangat keras, dapat berdampak serius pada pendengaran. Paparan suara keras ini dapat merusak sel-sel rambut di telinga bagian dalam yang bertanggung jawab mentransmisikan sinyal pendengaran ke otak.

Akibatnya, Anda akan bisa mengalami gangguan pendengaran, dan salah satu gejala yang muncul adalah tinnitus. Anda bisa mendengar suara berdenging karena paparan suara keras tersebut.

Baca Juga: 3 Pertolongan Pertama Telinga Berdenging Setelah Menonton Konser

 

Obat ototoksik

Salah satu alasan mengapa Anda tidak boleh minum obat sembarangan adalah karena ada sebagian obat yang bersifat ototoksik. Obat ototoksik adalah obat yang berpotensi berdampak buruk pada fungsi telinga dan bisa menyebabkan masalah seperti telinga berdenging, masalah keseimbangan hingga penurunan pendengaran.

Ada obat ototoksik yang berpotensi merusak telinga bagian dalam, ada juga obat ototoksik yang baru memberikan risiko bila diambil pada dosis yang sangat tinggi. Dokter akan menginformasikan bila obat yang diberikan memiliki efek samping. Umumnya, obat bisa diberikan selama manfaat yang didapat dalam mengobati penyakit yang diderita pasien lebih besar dibanding potensi risiko yang bisa terjadi.

Beberapa jenis obat yang bersifat ototoksik seperti misalnya beberapa jenis antibiotik, pil diuretik tertentu, antinyeri golongan NSAID, beberapa jenis obat kemoterapi, obat diuretik tertentu, obat antimalaria tertentu dan lain-lain.

Baca Juga: Benarkah Terapi Ear Candle Efektif Membersihkan Telinga?

 

Penyakit Meniere

Penyakit meniere adalah kondisi yang memengaruhi telinga bagian dalam yang bisa menyebabkan gejala pusing (vertigo), telinga berdenging, serta sensasi tekanan dan penuh di telinga.

Penyakit ini bisa memengaruhi kedua telinga, namun lebih sering menyerang salah telinga saja. Walaupun penyakit ini bisa terjadi di usia berapapun, sering kali penyakit ini berkembang mulai usia 40-60 tahun.

 

Kondisi Lain

Selain gangguan pendengaran, tinnitus juga bisa disebabkan oleh berbagai kondisi lainnya, di antaranya:

  • Gangguan sendi temporomandibular (TMJ)
  • Perubahan tekanan dalam telinga karena sumbatan di telinga (bisa diakibatkan kotoran telinga, benda asing, dll.)
  • Otoskelorosis, penebalan tulang pendengaran di telinga bagian tengah
  • Tekanan darah tinggi
  • Cedera pada kepala atau leher yang memengaruhi telinga atau saraf pendengaran, dll.

 

Karena tinnitus bisa disebabkan oleh banyak hal dan merupakan gejala yang kompleks, sebaiknya segera periksakan diri ke dokter apabila Anda mengalami telinga berdenging yang mengganggu. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 4 Desember 2023 | 19:08

Harvard Medical School (2022). Tinnitus: Ringing in the ears and what to do about it. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/tinnitus-ringing-in-the-ears-and-what-to-do-about-it 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Tinnitus. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tinnitus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350156 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Tinnitus. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14164-tinnitus 

John Hopkins Medicine. Age-Related Hearing Loss (Presbycusis). Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/presbycusis 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Ototoxicity. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24769-ototoxicity 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Meniere's disease. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menieres-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374910 

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      Bindings
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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