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  • Mengenal Empty Sella Syndrome, Kondisi Langka pada Otak yang Dapat Memengaruhi Hormon

Mengenal Empty Sella Syndrome, Kondisi Langka pada Otak yang Dapat Memengaruhi Hormon

Mengenal Empty Sella Syndrome, Kondisi Langka pada Otak yang Dapat Memengaruhi Hormon
Credit: Freepik

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Dalam tengkorak manusia, terdapat lekukan kecil di dasar tengkorak yang bertugas untuk melindungi kelenjar pituitari, yang disebut dengan sella tursika. Kelenjar ini terletak di bawah hipotalamus dan bertugas untuk memproduksi berbagai jenis hormon. Normalnya, sella tursika akan melindungi kelenjar pituitari sehingga tidak ada cairan otak (serebrosipinal) yang masuk ke dalam sella tursika.

Namun pada beberapa orang, ada kelainan di mana bentuk sella tursika menyebabkan cairan serebrospinal masuk ke dalamnya, sehingga menekan kelenjar pituitari. Kondisi ini menyebabkan kelenjar pituitari tertekan, menyusut dan rata dengan dinding tulang sella tursika sehingga kesannya sella tursika kosong.

Karena sebagian besar sella tursika berisi cairan, pada hasil pencitraan akan terlihat kosong, dan inilah yang dikenal dengan empty sella syndrome. Sindrom ini juga bisa terjadi bila sella tursika membesar. Empty sella syndrome bisa menyebabkan gejala seperti ketidakseimbangan hormon, sakit kepala yang sering terjadi, serta gangguan penglihatan.

 

Jenis dan Gejala Empty Sella Syndrome

Kondisi empty sella sebenarnya merujuk pada penyebutan hasil pemeriksaan radiologi (MRI atau CT scan) di mana bagian sella tursika terlihat kosong. Jika kondisi ini disertai dengan sejumlah gejala yang muncul karena sella tursika terisi banyak cairan serebrospinal sampai mengganggu fungsi kelenjar pituitari, kondisi ini dikenal dengan nama empty sella syndrome.

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, empty sella syndrome dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu:

  • Empty sella syndrome primer: yaitu ketika penyebab yang mendasari terjadinya empty sella syndrome tidak dapat diketahui. Walaupun kelenjar pituitari mendatar dan tertekan, umumnya kelenjar masih bisa berfungsi dengan baik dan tidak menyebabkan gejala.
  • Empty sella syndrome sekunder: Terjadi kondisi lain yang merubah anatomi kelenjar pituitari dan/atau sella tursika, umumnya empty sella syndrome sekunder terjadi akibat cedera kepala berat, pembedahan, tumor atau terapi radiasi. 

Empty sella syndrome biasanya tidak menunjukkan gejala khusus, atau tidak ada gangguan pada fungsi kelenjar pituitari. Dilansir dari WebMD, biasanya hanya 1% dari pasien empty sella syndrome yang menunjukkan gejala. Beberapa gejala tersebut di antaranya:

  • Sakit kepala kronis
  • Tekanan darah tinggi
  • Badan kelelahan
  • Menurunnya gairah seksual
  • Disfungsi ereksi pada pria
  • Menstruasi tidak teratur pada wanita
  • Infertilitas

Ingin membaca lebih banyak artikel mengenai infertilitas? Cek disini, ya!

 

Karena kelenjar pituitari berperan dalam produksi beberapa hormon penting di tubuh. Bila fungsinya terganggu, bisa menimbulkan gangguan hormon pada penderita empty sella syndrome. Pada beberapa orang dengan empty sella syndrome, mereka dapat mengalami penambahan berat badan karena kelenjar pituitari tidak melepaskan thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) yang cukup. TSH berperan untuk menstimulasi kelenjar tiroid dalam memproduksi hormon tiroid yang cukup. Kadar hormon tiroid yang rendah bisa memperlambat metabolisme tubuh dan salah satu efeknya adalah kenaikan berat badan.

Gejala lain yang juga dapat terjadi namun sangat jarang muncul adalah pandangan kabur, peningkatan tekanan dalam tengkorak, kebocoran cairan serebrospinal dari hidung.

 

Penanganan Empty Sella Syndrome

Biasanya penyakit ini ditemukan secara tidak sengaja saat melakukan pemeriksaan radiologi. Jika Anda didiagnosis mengalami empty sella syndrome namun tidak menunjukkan gejala atau kelainan hormonal lainnya, umumnya dokter akan mengobservasi keadaan Anda dan tidak membutuhkan penanganan khusus. Pada kasus tertentu di mana empty sella syndrome menyebabkan gangguan hormon dan menimbulkan gejala lainnya, dokter akan merekomendasikan tindakan pengobatan yang sesuai.

Bila cairan serebrospinal sampai bocor dan keluar dari hidung, dokter dapat merekomendasikan prosedur operasi untuk memperbaiki bentuk sella tursika.

 

Memiliki hasil pencitraan sella tursika yang kosong bukan merupakan kondisi yang berbahaya. Hasil pencitraan tersebut juga tidak selalu mengarah pada munculnya gejala empty sella syndrome. Prognosis penyakit ini umumnya baik, ada obat-obatan yang tersedia untuk mengatasi gangguan hormon yang terjadi.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 22:57

Empty Sella Syndrome. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/empty-sella-syndrome#

WebMD. What Is Empty Sella Syndrome?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/brain/empty-sella-syndrome-facts

Cleveland Clinic. Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23100-empty-sella-syndrome-ess

John Hopkins Medicine. Empty Sella Syndrome. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/empty-sella-syndrome

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6430
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4437 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4437
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7917 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7917
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9567
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8086 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8086
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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