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Anhedonia, Ketika Tidak Ada yang Menyenangkan Dalam Hidup

Anhedonia, Ketika Tidak Ada yang Menyenangkan Dalam Hidup
Credits: Freepik

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Apakah Anda pernah merasa hampa dan tidak ada sesuatu halpun yang terasa menyenangkan? Bahkan ketika Anda melakukan hal-hal yang biasanya membuat Anda merasa bahagia dan senang, namun Anda justru merasa hampa. Ini adalah salah satu gejala utama depresi klinis yang disebut anhedonia.

 

Mengetahui Lebih Lanjut Tentang Anhedonia

Anhedonia didefinisikan sebagai ketidakmampuan untuk merasakan minat, kesenangan, atau kegembiraan dalam hidup. Anhedonia dikategorikan menjadi dua, di antaranya:

Anhedonia sosial

Anhedonia sosial adalah ketika Anda tidak merasa senang ketika berada di dekat orang lain. Anda kurang tertarik pada interaksi sosial, dan tidak berhasrat untuk berkomunikasi dengan teman, keluarga, atau orang lain.

Anhedonia fisik

Anhedonia fisik terjadi ketika Anda tidak merasa bahagia dari sentuhan fisik, bau atau suara. Misalnya tidak mampu merasakan kenikmatan dari mendengarkan musik, makan makanan favorit, atau, bahkan berhubungan seksual.

Hingga saat ini, para peneliti masih mempelajari lebih lanjut apa penyebab anhedonia. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa anhedonia bisa disebabkan oleh kurangnya aktivitas ventral striatum otak, yaitu area otak yang berperan penting dalam suasana hati, pembelajaran, dan kesenangan. Area inilah yang menerima dan memproduksi dopamin, hormon bahagia yang menyebabkan perasaan senang.

Dikatakan pula bahwa anhedonia berkaitan erat dengan depresi, namun Anda tidak perlu mengalami depresi atau merasa sedih untuk mengalaminya. Anhedonia banyak memengaruhi orang-orang dengan penyakit mental seperti skizofrenia, gangguan bipolar, depresi, penyalahgunaan obat terlarang, penyakit Parkinson, PTSD dan trauma otak.

 

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Seperti Apa Gejala Anhedonia

Anhedonia digambarkan sebagai berikut:

  • Perasaan hampa
  • Merasa kosong
  • Merasa seolah-olah diikuti awan yang gelap
  • Mati rasa
  • Kebosanan
  • Apatis
  • Negatif
  • Kesulitan tidur
  • Kesulitan menghabiskan waktu bersama orang lain
  • Penurunan gairah seksual
  • Menarik diri dari pertemanan
  • Berpura-pura bahagia di dalam situasi sosial
  • Lebih menikmati sendirian
  • Memiliki sangat sedikit teman
  • Sering sakit atau mengalami kondisi kesehatan
  • Merasa tidak punya apa pun untuk diberikan, baik cinta, kasih sayang atau penghargaan

 

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Bagaimana Mengatasi Anhedonia

Tidak ada obat yang dapat diberikan untuk mengatasi dan menyembuhkan anhedonia karena anhedonia sendiri lebih sering merupakan gejala dari kondisi mental tertentu. Langkah pertama pengobatan biasanya dilakukan dengan menemukan penyebab sehingga bisa fokus pada penanganan masalah yang mendasarinya.

Misalnya saja pada anhedonia yang disebabkan oleh depresi, dokter mungkin meresepkan obat-obatan seperti antidepresan untuk membantu mengatasi depresi, meningkatkan kadar neurotransmitter di otak yang terkait dengan suasana hati dan motivasi.

Anda juga mungkin disarankan menjalani terapi untuk mengidentifikasi pola pikiran negatif, menjalani perubahan gaya hidup seperti meningkatkan aktivitas fisik, menjaga pola tidur teratur, mengadopsi pola makan sehat dan menghindari alkohol serta obat-obatan terlarang yang dapat memperburuk depresi.

Yang tak kalah penting adalah mencari dukungan sosial dari teman, keluarga maupun dokter atau psikiater. Selalu konsultasikan perkembangan kondisi yang Anda alami termasuk gejala yang mungkin lebih buruk. Kesadaran penanganan sangat penting untuk membantu Anda mengatasi anhedonia dan kembali memulihkan minat serta kesenangan Anda.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 19 Oktober 2023 | 04:07

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Anhedonia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/25155-anhedonia 

Barbara Brody (2022). What Is Anhedonia?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/depression/what-is-anhedonia 

Tim Newman (2018). Understanding anhedonia: What happens in the brain?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320737 

Bethany Brookshire (2018). Scientists Say: Ventral striatum. Available from: https://www.snexplores.org/article/scientists-say-ventral-striatum 

Angelica Bottaro (2022). What Is Anhedonia?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/anhedonia-definition-5189496 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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