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Ameba Pemakan Otak Manusia, Begini Caranya Masuk ke Dalam Tubuh

Ameba Pemakan Otak Manusia, Begini Caranya Masuk ke Dalam Tubuh
Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :


Ameba pemakan otak manusia tidak hanya ada di film saja. Ameba ini benar-benar ada di dunia nyata dan menyebabkan kasus infeksi di berbagai belahan dunia.

Bagaimana ameba pemakan otak manusia bisa masuk ke dalam tubuh? Cari tahu kelanjutannya.

 

Naegleria fowleri, Ameba Pemakan Otak Manusia

Ameba atau disebut juga amoeba pemakan otak manusia bernama Naegleria fowleri. Ameba ini hidup tersebar di seluruh dunia, terutama di perairan tawar yang hangat dan dangkal seperti danau, sungai atau mata air panas. Sebagai organisme yang hidup bebas, ameba juga bisa hidup di beberapa tempat berikut:

  • Di tanah
  • Di lumpur
  • Di air sumur yang tidak terawat
  • Pemandian air panas
  • Akuarium
  • Debu
  • Waterpark yang tidak cukup klorinnya

Ketika menginfeksi manusia, ameba akan menyebabkan seseorang mengalami meningoensefalitis ameba primer atau disebut Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM). Artinya terjadi infeksi sistem saraf pusat yag serius dan bisa berakibat fatal.

 

Baca Juga: Selain Infeksi Bakteri dan Virus, Inilah Penyakit yang Menyebabkan Sakit Tenggorokan

 

Bagaimana Ameba Bisa Masuk ke Dalam Tubuh Manusia?

Naegleria fowleri masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia melalui hidung saat sedang berenang, menyelam, atau memasukkan kepala ke dalam air yang terkontaminasi. Ameba kemudian berjalan dari hidung ke otak kemudian menghancurkan jaringan otak dan menyebabkan infeksi di sana.

Infeksi dari ameba Naegleria fowleri adalah infeksi yang bersifat menghancurkan. Infeksinya hampir selalu berakibat fatal, seperti kematian.

Infeksi ameba ini hanya terjadi saat ameba masuk ke dalam hidung. Ameba yang masuk ke dalam mulut dan masuk ke pencernaan tidak akan menyebabkan infeksi.

 

Baca Juga: Mengenal Empty Sella Syndrome, Kondisi Langka pada Otak yang Dapat Memengaruhi Hormon

 

Gejala Infeksi Ameba Pemakan Otak Manusia

Saat terinfeksi ameba pemakan otak manusia, gejala bisa muncul segera dan memburuk. Adapun gejalanya di antaranya:

  • Demam tinggi
  • Sakit kepala parah
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Gemetar
  • Kebingungan
  • Munculnya gejala meningitis seperti leher kaku dan sensitif terhadap cahaya
  • Koma

Masa inkubasi dari infeksi adalah sekitar 2-15 hari setelah ameba masuk ke dalam hidung. Tanpa pengobatan segera, infeksinya akan menyebabkan kematian. Kematian dapat terjadi 3-7 hari setelah gejala muncul. Hingga saat ini hanya sedikit sekali pasien di seluruh dunia yang dilaporkan selamat dari infeksi ini.

 

Cara Mencegah Infeksi Ameba Pemakan Otak Manusia

Walaupun kondisi ini termasuk langka, bukan berarti tidak bisa terjadi lagi. Kasusnya belakangan ini dilaporkan cukup sering ditemui. Untuk itu, lakukan beberapa hal berikut sebagai langkah pencegahannya:

  • Jangan berenang sembarangan di sungai, danau atau perairan tawar yang dangkal tanpa menggunakan penutup hidup
  • Jangan menggunakan air keran untuk membersihkan hidung
  • Gunakan filter air keran untuk menyaring kuman dari air keran atau sumur
  • Gunakan klorin untuk mendisinfektan air yang digunakan untuk mandi atau minum
  • Jika setelah berenang di waterpark, sungai, danau atau perairan dangkal lain Anda mengalami demam dan sakit kepala, maka segera periksakan diri ke dokter

Yuk hindari infeksi ameba pemakan otak manusia dengan melakukan langkah-langkah pencegahan yang disebutkan di atas.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:36

CDC (2022). Naegleria fowleri — Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) — Amebic Encephalitis. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/naegleria/general.html

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Brain-Eating Amoeba. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24485-brain-eating-amoeba

 

Shishira Sreenivas (2021). Brain-Eating Amoeba. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/brain/brain-eating-amoeba

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        #12025-04-12 04:46:49GET/penyakit/ameba-pemakan-otak-manusia-begini-caranya-masuk-ke-dalam-tubuh2113088