7 Mitos yang Salah Tentang HIV

7 Mitos yang Salah Tentang HIV
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Selama puluhan tahun, banyak informasi yang salah tentang HIV dan AIDS. Karena misinformasi itu pula jumlah kasus HIV meningkat, dan orang dengan HIV/AIDS dikucilkan dan dihindari.

Banyak orang mengira HIV dapat ditularkan oleh pasangan sejenis, berciuman, berpelukan, atau bahkan berjabat tangan dengan orang yang positif HIV. Ketahui fakta sebenarnya, mitos yang paling umum tentang HIV dan bagaimana penularannya.

Apa itu HIV dan Bagaimana Penularannya 

HIV adalah virus yang menyerang sel-sel yang membantu tubuh melawan infeksi. HIV tidak menyebabkan sakit tersendiri, namun saat seseorang terinfeksi HIV maka akan lebih rentan terhadap infeksi dan penyakit lainnya.

HIV menyebar melalui kontak langsung dengan cairan tubuh selama seseorang berhubungan seks tanpa kondom dengan orang yang positif HIV atau melalui penggunaan narkoba suntik bersama.

Baca Juga: Infeksi HIV Akut, Gejalanya Sering Tidak Disadari

Mitos yang Salah Tentang HIV 

Ada banyak mitos dan misinformasi tentang HIV, yang masih dipercayai banyak orang. Agar misinformasi ini tidak berlanjut, simak mitos yang salah tentang HIV berikut ini: 

MITOS: HIV hanya menginfeksi pasangan sesama jenis 

Selama ini orang percaya bahwa HIV hanya menginfeksi pasangan sesama jenis. Namun faktanya, HIV bisa menginfeksi siapa saja yang melakukan kontak seksual tanpa menggunakan kondom, tak terbatas apakah pasangan sesama jenis atau lawan jenis.

MITOS: Pasangan dengan HIV tidak bisa memiliki anak 

Pasangan dengan HIV bisa hidup normal seperti orang lain pada umumnya, bahkan memiliki anak. Untuk bisa menjalani hal itu, maka pasangan tersebut harus menjalani pengobatan yang disebut terapi antiretroviral. Pengobatan tidak boleh dihentikan agar janin aman dari infeksi HIV.

MITOS: HIV sama dengan AIDS 

Faktanya, walaupun disebabkan oleh virus yang sama, orang dengan HIV tidak selalu mengalami AIDS. AIDS adalah stadium akhir dari infeksi HIV, yang sangat mungkin dicegah apabila sejak dini orang dengan HIV sudah mendapatkan pengobatan.

Pengobatan memang tidak menyembuhkan HIV dan menghilangkan virusnya dari tubuh secara total, namun setidaknya pengobatan dapat mengontrol replikasi virus HIV dan mencegahnya berkembang menjadi AIDS.

Baca Juga: Kenali Jenis-Jenis Ruam Kulit yang Berhubungan Dengan HIV

MITOS: Orang yang negatif HIV boleh menjalani seks bebas tanpa kondom 

Orang dengan hasil tes HIV dinyatakan negatif tetap harus menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan seksual, terutama saat berganti-ganti pasangan atau memiliki pasangan seksual yang gemar berganti-ganti pasangan. Setelah melakukan hubungan seksual yang berisiko, Anda juga disarankan mendapatkan skrining HIV sesuai dengan jendela periode yang disarankan.

MITOS: Jika pasangan sama-sama positif HIV, maka tidak perlu menggunakan kondom 

Penelitian menemukan bahwa orang dengan HIV yang menjalani terapi antiretroviral secara teratur, viral load atau kadar virus di dalam tubuhnya akan menurun dan dapat ditekan. Saat virus berada di tingkat yang tidak terdeteksi di dalam darah, kemungkingan seseorang untuk menularkan HIV ke pasangannya saat berhubungan seksual menjadi kecil.

Namun, CDC tetap merekomendasikan penggunaan kondom meskipun kedua pasangan memiliki HIV. Kondom bermanfaat memberikan perlindungan tubuh dari infeksi lain, seperti infeksi menular seksual yang berisiko menyebabkan sakit yang parah pada orang dengan HIV.

MITOS: Pengobatan HIV dapat menyembuhkan HIV 

Selama ini banyak orang mengira bahwa mengonsumsi obat HIV berarti dapat menyembuhkan virus HIV di dalam tubuh secara total. Faktanya, terapi antiretroviral hanya dapat mengurangi jumlah virus di dalam tubuh dan tidak menghilangkannya. 

Didiagnosis positif HIV oleh dokter bukan berarti hidup Anda berakhir. Dengan diagnosis dini, maka dokter bisa membantu merekomendasikan pilihan pengobatan terbaik sesuai dengan kondisi Anda. Andapun bisa hidup normal dan sehat seperti orang lain pada umumnya. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:55

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Common Myths About HIV and AIDS. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/myths-about-hiv/

HIV.gov (2022). What Are HIV and AIDS?. Available from: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids

WebMD (2021). Common Myths About HIV and AIDS. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/top-10-myths-misconceptions-about-hiv-aids

Mayo Clinic (2022). HIV/AIDS. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524

 

Anna Schaefer (2020). 9 Myths About HIV/AIDS. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/misconceptions-about-hiv-aids

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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