6 Jenis Batuk, Ketahui Perbedaannya

6 Jenis Batuk, Ketahui Perbedaannya
Ilustrasi batuk. Credits: Freepik

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Batuk adalah refleks alami yang penting sebagai mekanisme pertahanan tubuh untuk membersihkan atau menghilangkan benda-benda yang mengiritasi saluran pernapasan. Benda-benda seperti lendir, kuman, debu atau zat berbahaya lainnya bisa dipaksa keluar dari paru-paru lewat refleks batuk sehingga saluran pernapasan bisa terlindungi dari iritasi dan infeksi.

Saat batuk berlanjut, ini bisa menjadi pertanda bahwa ada masalah kesehatan seperti infeksi atau penyakit pernapasan kronis. Untuk menyembuhkannya, perlu diketahui jenis batuk dan apa penyebabnya.

 

Ketahui Apa Saja Jenis-Jenis Batuk

Batuk diklasifikasikan menjadi beberapa, di antaranya:

Batuk produktif

Batuk produktif disebut juga dengan batuk basah, yang ditandai dengan keluarnya lendir atau dahak dari saluran pernapasan. Batuk produktif biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi saluran pernapasan atas, seperti pilek, flu, bronkitis, atau pneumonia. Selain itu, penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) dan fibrosis kistik juga dapat menyebabkan batuk produktif.

Pengobatan batuk produktif bergantung pada apa penyebabnya. Apabila batuk disebabkan oleh infeksi, maka dokter mungkin meresepkan antibiotik, bronkodilator, antihistamin, atau kortikosteroid. Selain itu, Anda disarankan untuk menggunakan humidifier agar kelembapan ruangan tetap terjaga, mengonsumsi minuman hangat dan juga terapi uap.

Batuk nonproduktif

Berkebalikan dengan batuk produktif, batuk nonproduktif adalah batuk kering yang tidak menghasilkan dahak atau lendir dari saluran pernapasan. Batuk kering dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal, seperti alergi, refluks asam lambung, iritasi saluran pernapasan, asma, infeksi virus, infeksi saluran pernapasan atas, dan juga Covid-19.

Selain itu, batuk kering juga mungkin dipicu oleh polusi, debu, jamur, obat golongan ace inhibitors, pertusis, pneumothorax, gagal jantung dan juga kanker paru-paru.

Pengobatan batuk kering terkadang bisa lebih sulit ketimbang batuk basah. Dokter akan meresepkan pengobatan yang tepat sesuai dengan penyebab batuk kering. Batuk kering yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus membutuhkan perawatan suportif seperti istirahat yang cukup, minum cukup air, minum minuman hangat, atau mengisap permen pelega tenggorokan.

 

Baca Juga: Pertolongan Rumahan untuk Batuk Kering di Malam Hari

 

Batuk akut

Batuk akut adalah jenis batuk yang biasanya muncul secara tiba-tiba dan berlangsung dalam waktu yang relatif singkat, tidak lebih dari 2-3 minggu. Batuk akut biasanya merupakan gejala penyakit pilek, flu, atau bronkitis akut yang banyak dialami selama musim flu.

Batuk akut bersifat sementara. Gejalanya akan mereda secara alami seiring waktu ketika tubuh melawan penyebabnya. Namun, Anda tetap disarankan untuk beristirahat, mencukupi cairan tubuh, dan mengonsumsi obat yang membantu mengencerkan lendir. Apabila batuk akut berlanjut atau disertai gejala seperti sesak napas, demam tinggi, nyeri dada yang parah, atau adanya darah dalam dahak, segera periksakan diri ke dokter untuk mendapatkan evaluasi lebih lanjut.

Batuk subakut

Batuk subakut adalah jenis batuk yang berlangsung selama 3-8 minggu. Batuk subakut biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi virus yang gejalanya akan menghilang dengan sendirinya. Anda perlu memeriksakan diri ke dokter apabila gejala menjadi lebih parah atau tidak kunjung menghilang.

Batuk kronis

Batuk kronis adalah jenis batuk yang berlangsung terus-menerus selama delapan minggu atau lebih lama. Batuk kronis bisa sangat mengganggu aktivitas dan kualitas hidup sehari-hari.

Penyebab batuk kronis bisa bervariasi, mulai dari asma, penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK), bronkiektasis, atau fibrosis paru. Pada beberapa kasus, batuk kronis juga disebabkan oleh refluks asam, alergi atau efek samping penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu.

 

Baca Juga: Tanda dan Gejala Batuk Pertusis pada Orang Dewasa

 

Batuk refraktori kronis (CRC)

Batuk refraktori kronis (CRC) adalah jenis batuk kronis yang bahkan setelah mendapatkan pengobatan dan intervensi medis, batuk tetap berlanjut. Kondisi ini bisa sangat menantang baik bagi dokter maupun pasien karena dokter perlu melakukan serangkaian uji coba pengobatan yang berbeda serta pemantauan ketat perkembangan kondisi pasien.

 

Apa pun jenis batuknya, sebaiknya tidak sembarangan mengonsumsi obat dan tidak membiarkan kondisi ini berkembang terlalu lama. Segera periksakan diri ke dokter apabila batuk tidak kunjung mereda atau tidak membaik dengan pengobatan. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan bila memiliki keluhan batuk dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 8 November 2023 | 05:35

WebMD (2023). Why You Cough. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/overview 

American Lung Association (2023). Learn About Cough. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/cough/learn-about-cough 

Kristina Duda, RN (2023). What’s Causing This Productive Cough?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/productive-cough-770574 

Corinne O'Keefe Osborn and Laura Goldman (2023). Dry Cough: What Causes It and How Do You Treat One?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/dry-cough 

Medline Plus (2020). Cough. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html 

Kristin Hayes, RN (2023). The 3 Different Types of Cough: What They Mean. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-causing-my-cough-1191888 

American Lung Association. Chronic Cough. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/chronic-cough 

NHS UK (2023). Chronic Cough. Available from: https://www.nth.nhs.uk/resources/chronic-cough/ 

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      Bindings
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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