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4 Jenis Bakteri yang Dapat Menyebabkan Penyakit Meningitis

4 Jenis Bakteri yang Dapat Menyebabkan Penyakit Meningitis
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Meningitis adalah peradangan pada lapisan pelindung yang mengelilingi otak dan sumsum tulang belakang. Salah satu penyebab meningitis yang paling serius adalah infeksi bakteri.

Orang yang terinfeksi bakteri meningitis sangat mungkin mengalami kerusakan otak, cacat permanen, kehilangan pendengaran, kehilangan kemampuan belajar hingga kematian.

 

Jenis Bakteri Penyebab Meningitis

Sebenarnya ada beberapa bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi meningitis, seperti Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus kelompok B, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes dan Escherichia coli. Namun, empat di antaranya merupakan penyebab utama yang paling sering menyebabkan infeksi meningitis bakteri.

 

Streptococcus pneumonia

Bakteri ini adalah penyebab paling umum meningitis bakteri pada bayi, anak kecil dan orang dewasa. Bakteri ini bisa ditemukan di saluran pernapasan, saat terinfeksi bakteri ini Anda mungkin mengalami pneumonia, bronkitis, otitis media, septikemia dan meningitis.

 

Neisseria meningitidis

Bakteri yang disebut Neisseria meningitis dapat menyebabkan meningitis saat disebarkan melalui sekresi pernapasan orang yang terinfeksi. Penyebaran bakterinya terjadi lewat kontak dekat seperti batuk atau berciuman.

 

Haemophilus influenzae

Bakteri yang disebut H. influenzae dapat menyebabkan infeksi telinga yang bersifat ringan maupun infeksi aliran darah yang lebih serius. Bakteri ini tidak menyebabkan influenza (flu) dan dapat dicegah melalui vaksin Hib.

 

Listeria monocytogenes

Bakteri ini bertanggung jawab terhadap infeksi listeria khususnya pada orang tua, bayi baru lahir dan orang dengan gangguan sistem kekebalan. Bakteri ini bisa ditularkan pada janin melalui plasenta yang dapat menyebabkan kondisi serius pada bayi di dalam kandungan.

 

Baca Juga: Apa Itu Meningitis? Kenali Gejala dan Penyebabnya

 

Cara Mencegah Infeksi Meningitis Bakteri

Meningitis bakteri dapat dicegah dengan kebiasaan hidup bersih dan sehat, di antaranya:

Sering mencuci tangan

Mencuci tangan adalah tindakan yang sangat penting untuk mencegah penyebaran berbagai jenis infeksi, termasuk meningitis bakteri. Mencuci tangan membantu menghilangkan bakteri yang mungkin ada di tangan Anda dan mengurangi risiko penyebaran infeksi.

 

Tidak berbagi alat makan dan barang pribadi lainnya

Bakteri yang menyebabkan meningitis dapat hidup pada benda-benda yang terkontaminasi, seperti alat makan, sikat gigi, handuk, dan barang-barang pribadi lainnya. Oleh karena itu, tidak berbagi alat makan dan barang pribadi dapat membantu mengurangi risiko penyebaran meningitis bakteri.

Selain itu, menjaga kebersihan lingkungan di sekitar Anda, seperti membersihkan permukaan benda-benda yang sering disentuh, dapat membantu menghilangkan bakteri yang mungkin ada di sekitar Anda.

 

Mematuhi dan menjalankan etika batuk

Menjalankan etika batuk adalah tindakan penting untuk mencegah penyebaran meningitis bakteri, terutama jika Anda atau seseorang di sekitar Anda memiliki gejala batuk, pilek, atau flu.

Ada perlu menutup mulut dan hidung saat batuk atau bersin dengan siku atau tisu. Buang tisu yang sudah digunakan ke tempat sampah segera setelah digunakan.

Jangan batuk atau bersin ke udara. Segera cuci tangan denngan sabun dan air mengalir setelah bersin atau batuk.

 

Baca Juga: Sedang Batuk, Ini Cara Membersihkan Dahak Secara Alami

Menghindari makanan mentah saat hamil

Makanan mentah seperti daging, ikan, atau telur mentah dapat mengandung bakteri atau virus yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai jenis infeksi, termasuk meningitis bakteri. Menghindari makan makanan mentah dapat mengurangi risiko penyebaran infeksi bakteri.

Pastikan memilih makanan yang dimasak hingga matang dan higienis setiap makan, khususnya saat sedang hamil atau menyusui.

 

Memiliki pertanyaan seputar infeksi meningitis bakteri? Segera konsultasikan dengan dokter ahli melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di ponsel Anda.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 27 Mei 2024 | 08:25

Mayo Clinic (2023). Meningitis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350508 

CDC (2021). Bacterial Meningitis. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Meningitis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/14600-meningitis 

Cleveland Clinic (2019). Bacterial Meningitis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11039-bacterial-meningitis 

Christopher F. Dion and John V. Ashurst (2022). Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470537/ 

Oliver Fleck, M.Sc. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus): Overview. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Streptococcus-pneumoniae-(pneumococcus)-Overview.aspx 

CDC (2022). Meningococcal Disease. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/causes-transmission.html 

CDC (2022). Haemophilus influenzae Disease (Including Hib). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/index.html 

Denver Rogalla and Paul A. Bomar (2022). Listeria Monocytogenes. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/ 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3746 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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