Empagliflozin

Empagliflozin
Ada tablet empagliflozin yang dikombinasikan dengan obat lain.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Glyxambi, Jardiance.

 

Cara Kerja

Empagliflozin bekerja dengan cara menghambat protein dalam ginjal yang disebut sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2). Pada protein SGLT-2 yang ada di ginjal terjadi penyerapan kembali glukosa atau gula ke dalam aliran darah. Proses ini terjadi ketika darah sedang disaring oleh ginjal, sehingga glukosa tidak terbuang bersama urine.

Pada penderita diabetes melitus (DM) jumlah protein SGLT-2 meningkat, sehingga glukosa banyak diserap kembali di dalam ginjal. Mekanisme ini menjadi salah satu hal yang berperan dalam peningkatan kadar gula darah pasien DM.

Dengan dihambatnya kerja protein SGLT-2 oleh obat empagliflozin, maka pengeluaran glukosa melalui urine akan meningkat sehingga kadar gula darah yang tinggi akibat diabetes melitus dapat diturunkan.

 

Indikasi

Obat ini merupakan salah satu antidiabetik yang dapat diberikan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Obat golongan penghambat SGLT-2 seperti empagliflozin menjadi salah satu pilihan pengobatan pada pasien diabetes dengan atau yang berisiko tinggi mengalami:

 

Kontraindikasi

Obat ini dikontraindikasikan pada individu dengan kondisi medis berikut, seperti:

  • Gangguan ginjal berat.
  • Penyakit ginjal kronis tahap akhir.
  • Pasien cuci darah (hemodialisis).
  • Ibu menyusui.

Obat ini juga tidak direkomendasikan bagi anak-anak yang berusia di bawah 18 tahun, karena obat masih belum diteliti lebih lanjut pada anak-anak dan remaja. Selain itu, empagliflozin juga sebaiknya tidak diberikan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 1.

 

Efek Samping

Seperti obat lainnya, obat ini dapat menimbulkan efek samping, meskipun tidak semua orang mengalaminya. Berikut beberapa efek samping berbahaya yang dapat timbul dan memerlukan penanganan medis.

 

Gula darah rendah (hipoglikemia)

Pasien yang meminum obat ini bersama dengan antidiebetik lain seperti obat kelompok sulfonilurea (glimepiride, gliclazida, glibenclamide) memiliki risiko untuk mengalami gula darah rendah. Umumnya dokter akan menyesuaikan dosis obat untuk mengurangi kemungkinan pasien mengalami kondisi ini. Gejala gula darah rendah adalah gemetar, berkeringat, cemas atau bingung, detak jantung cepat, sakit kepala, sampai penurunan kesadaran.

 

Ketoasidosis diabetik

Keadaan ini adalah komplikasi dari diabetes yang ditandai dengan kadar gula darah yang jauh meningkat serta terdapat tanda gangguan ketidakseimbangan asam-basa di cairan tubuh. Ketoasidosis umumnya jarang terjadi, namun jika terjadi bisa menimbulkan gejala seperti:

    • Penurunan berat badan yang cepat.
    • Mual muntah.
    • Rasa haus berlebihan.
    • Napas cepat dan berat.
    • Gangguan kesadaran seperti bingung.
    • Tercium bau yang berbeda pada urine atau keringat.

 

Dehidrasi

Empagliflozin bisa meningkatkan frekuensi buang air kecil dan hal ini dapat memengaruhi keseimbangan cairan di tubuh. Efek samping seperti diare atau muntah yang berkepanjangan juga bisa menyebabkan dehidrasi. 

 

Sediaan

Empagliflozin beredar dalam bentuk tablet salut selaput:

  • 10 mg
  • 12,5 mg
  • 25 mg.

Terdapat tablet dengan kandungan kombinasi empagliflozin dengan obat lain.

 

Dosis

Obat ini hanya diberikan pada pasien dewasa yang menderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Empagliflozin tidak direkomendasikan untuk dikonsumsi lansia yang berusia ≥85 tahun. Empagliflozin bisa diberikan sebagai terapi tunggal atau dikombinasikan dengan antidiabetik lainnya. Dosis awal 10 mg sekali sehari yang dapat ditingkatkan hingga 25 mg per hari jika dibutuhkan.

 

Keamanan

Kehamilan

Termasuk FDA Kategori C (tidak terdapat data yang memadai dari penelitian yang dilakukan, baik dari hewan uji coba atau dari manusia, atau terdapat efek merugikan pada janin dalam hewan percobaan tetapi belum terdapat data pada manusia). Obat ini sebaiknya dihindari penggunaannya pada ibu hamil, walaupun bisa diberikan bila manfaat obat dirasa lebih besar dibandingkan risiko yang mungkin timbul.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Bisa terjadi peningkatan efek seperti meningkatnya produksi urine dan risiko dehidrasi jika empagliflozin digunakan bersama obat diuretik (thiazide, furosemide, dll.).
  • Meningkatkan efek gula darah rendah jika empagliflozin digunakan bersama insulin dan obat pemicu sekresi insulin (glimepiride, gliclazida, glibenclamide, dll.).

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Arifin Muhammad Siregar
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 22:16

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional. (2022). Jardiance Tablet Salut Selaput 10 mg - Empagliflozin. Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/obat-baru/jardiance-tablet-salut-selaput-10-mg-empagliflozin.

MIMS Indonesia. (2022). Empagliflozin: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution. Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/empagliflozin?mtype=generic.

PB Perkeni. (2021). Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia. Retrieved 20 August 2022, from https://pbperkeni.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/22-10-21-Website-Pedoman-Pengelolaan-dan-Pencegahan-DMT2-Ebook.pdf.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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