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  • Pola Diet Vegan dan Vegetarian, Mana yang Lebih Sehat?

Pola Diet Vegan dan Vegetarian, Mana yang Lebih Sehat?

Pola Diet Vegan dan Vegetarian, Mana yang Lebih Sehat?
Credits: Freepik

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Pola diet vegan dan vegetarian berarti tidak makan daging hewan seperti daging merah, unggas maupun ikan. Namun,tahukah Anda bahwa pola diet vegan cenderung lebih ketat daripada vegetarian?

Pola diet vegan menghindari konsumsi susu, telur dan bahan lain yang berasal dari hewan, sedangkan vegetarian tidak. Mana yang lebih sehat, pola diet vegan atau vegetarian?

 

Mengenal Pola Diet Vegetarian dan Diet Vegan

Pola diet vegetarian cenderung meningkat karena manfaat kesehatan yang ditawarkannya. Mengikuti diet vegetarian dapat membantu mengurangi risiko penyakit jantung, diabetes dan beberapa jenis kanker.

Berbicara tentang pola diet vegetarian, ada beberapa jenis pola diet vegetarian, di antaranya:

  • Lacto-ovo vegetarian - pelaku diet vegetarian yang menghindari semua daging hewani, tetapi masih mengonsumsi produk susu dan telur
  • Lacto vegetarian - pelaku diet vegetarian ini menghindari daging dan telur hewani, namun masih mengonsumsi produk susu
  • Ovo vegetarian - pelaku diet vegetarian yang menghindari semua produk hewani, kecuali telur
  • Vegan - pola diet vegan sebenarnya adalah bagian dari vegetarian, di mana pelaku diet ini menghindari semua produk hewani dan turunannya

 

Baca Juga: Mengenal Diet Flexitarian, Pola Makan Mirip Vegetarian Namun Boleh Makan Daging

 

Mengenal Lebih dalam Diet Vegan

Pola diet vegan lebih ketat dibandingkan pola diet vegetarian lainnya. Pola diet vegan tidak hanya menghindari daging, produk susu dan telur, namun juga bahan lain yang berasal dari hewani, di antaranya:

  • Gelatin
  • Madu
  • Carmine
  • Pepsin
  • Albumin
  • Kasein
  • Beberapa bentuk vitamin D3

Pelaku diet vegan tidak menghindari semua produk hewani karena alasan kesehatan saja. Diet vegan juga menghindari semua produk sampingan hewani karena meyakini bahwa mengonsumsi produk hewani dapat berdampak besar bagi lingkungan.

Pelaku diet vegan juga percaya bahwa hewan memiliki hak untuk bebas dari penggunaan manusia, baik untuk makanan, pakaian, ilmu pengetahuan atau hiburan. Mereka akan berusaha menghindari semua produk sampingan dan menghindari segala bentuk eksploitasi hewan apa pun alasannya.

 

Baca Juga: Apa yang Terjadi pada Tubuh Bila Kekurangan Vitamin B12?

Lebih Sehat Mana Pola Diet Vegetarian atau Vegan?

Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola diet vegetarian dan vegan cenderung rendah lemak jenuh dan kolesterol. Mereka juga cenderung mengonsumsi vitamin, mineral, serat dan senyawa tumbuhan dalam jumlah tinggi. Dilihat dari sisi ini, pola diet vegan dan vegetarian memang sehat.

Namun, dilihat dari sisi lain, pola makan vegetarian dan vegan yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat mengakibatkan rendahnya asupan nutrisi tertentu seperti zat besi, kalsium, seng dan vitamin D. Kedua pola makan ini juga cenderung mengandung vitamin B12 dalam jumlah terbatas.

Menurut Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, pola makan vegetarian dan vegan aman dilakukan bila direncanakan dengan baik. Namun, asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi seperti asam lemak omega-3, kalsium, vitamin D dan vitamin B12 dapat berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan fisik dan mental.

Bila harus memilih antara vegan atau vegetarian, maka penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vegetarian mengonsumsi sedikit lebih banyak kalsium dan vitamin B12 dibandingkan vegan. Untuk bisa menjalani pola diet vegetarian dengan aman dan benar, Anda harus memperhatikan benar asupan yang dikonsumsi. Anda mungkin juga perlu mengonsumsi suplemen tambahan yang mengandung zat besi, kalsium, omega 3, vitamin D serta vitamin B12.

 

Tertarik untuk mencoba pola diet vegetarian atau vegan? Diskusikan dengan dokter Anda tentang kemungkinan menjalani pola diet ini dan bagaimana cara menjalaninya dengan aman.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 09:58

Alina Petre, MS, RD (NL) (2021). Vegan vs. Vegetarian: What’s the Difference?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vegan-vs-vegetarian

Stephanie Watson (2021). What Is a Vegan Diet?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/vegan-diet-overview

 

Mayo Clinic (2020). Vegetarian diet: How to get the best nutrition. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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