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  • Apa yang Terjadi pada Tubuh Bila Kekurangan Vitamin B12?

Apa yang Terjadi pada Tubuh Bila Kekurangan Vitamin B12?

Apa yang Terjadi pada Tubuh Bila Kekurangan Vitamin B12?
Credit: Pixabay.

Daftar Isi

Bagikan :


Vitamin B12 adalah vitamin yang sangat penting bagi tubuh. Vitamin B12 dikenal juga dengan nama kobalamin, dan seperti vitamin B lainnya memiliki sifat larut dalam air. Lalu, apa saja sih, manfaat dari vitamin B12?

 

Manfaat Vitamin B12

Dilansir Medical News Today, vitamin B12 dibutuhkan untuk menjalankan fungsi otak dan sistem saraf. Vitamin B12 juga berperan dalam memproduksi sel darah merah serta mengatur dan membuat DNA di dalam tubuh. Metabolisme seluruh sel di dalam tubuh sangat bergantung pada kehadiran vitamin B12, khususnya dalam sintesis asam lemak dan produksi energi. Vitamin B12 juga membantu tubuh untuk melepaskan energi sehingga mampu menyerap asam folat dengan baik.

Produksi sel darah merah di dalam tubuh berlangsung setiap menit. Sel-sel darah merah tidak dapat memperbanyak diri tanpa adanya vitamin B12. Bila produksi sel darah merah ini sedikit, tubuh dapat mengalami anemia.

Dilansir WebMD, kebutuhan vitamin B12 setiap orang tidaklah sama, tergantung usia, kebiasaan makan dan kondisi medis. Namun, berdasarkan rata-rata rekomendasi, Anda bisa mengikuti daftar di bawah ini:

  • Bayi
    • 0-6 bulan: 0,4 mcg/hari
    • 7-12 bulan: 0,5 mcg/hari
  • Anak dan remaja
    • 1-3 tahun: 0,9 mcg/hari
    • 4-8 tahun: 1,2 mcg/hari
    • 9-13 tahun: 1,8 mcg/hari
    • 14-18 tahun: 2,4 mcg/hari
  • Dewasa: 2,4 mcg/hari
  • Ibu hamil: 2,6 mcg/hari
  • Ibu menyusui: 2,8 mcg/hari

 

Efek Kekurangan Vitamin B12

Kekurangan vitamin B12 dapat disebabkan karena tubuh tidak mendapatkan asupan yang cukup, baik dari makanan maupun suplemen. Kondisi ini biasanya disebabkan oleh:

  • Ulkus atau tukak pada lambung, akibat infeksi bakteri H. pylori
  • Gangguan penyerapan nutrisi di usus halus, seperti akibat penyakit Chron, penyakit Celiac
  • Glositis atau lidah yang membengkak dan meradang
  • Gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh

Bagaimana Anda bisa tahu bahwa tubuh mendapatkan cukup vitamin B12?

Apabila tubuh Anda kekurangan vitamin B12 maka akan ada gejala yang muncul selain anemia, seperti:

  • Kelelahan, merasa lemah dan kepala terasa ringan
  • Kulit pucat
  • Permukaan lidah terlihat halus
  • Sembelit, diare, kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Gangguan saraf seperti kesemutan, otot lemah, atau hilang keseimbangan
  • Gangguan mood 

 

Apa yang Bisa Kita Lakukan?

Untuk mencukupi kebutuhan vitamin B12, Anda bisa mengonsumsi daging merah, unggas, ikan laut, produk susu, dan telur. Bagi yang alergi terhadap produk susu sapi, Anda bisa menggantinya dengan susu kedelai terfortifikasi. Apabila makanan saja tidak mencukupi kebutuhan harian vitamin B12, Anda juga bisa mengonsumsi vitamin B12 lewat suplemen yang bisa dibeli di apotek atau toko obat terdekat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:30
Tags : vitamin b12 suplemen kobalamin

Felman, A. Everything you need to know about vitamin B-12. Medical News Today. November 2017. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219822#_noHeaderPrefixedContent

Smith, MW. Vitamin B12: What to Know. WebMD. May 2021. https://www.webmd.com/diet/vitamin-b12-deficiency-symptoms-causes

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