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Penderita Anemia Sebaiknya Menghindari Beberapa Jenis Makanan Ini

Penderita Anemia Sebaiknya Menghindari Beberapa Jenis Makanan Ini

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Anemia adalah kondisi di mana tubuh kekurangan sel darah merah yang bertugas membawa oksigen yang cukup ke seluruh jaringan tubuh. Penderita anemia juga sering disebut hemoglobin rendah, di mana Anda akan sering merasa kelelahan dan lemah.

Ada banyak jenis anemia dengan penyebab yang berbeda-beda, yang bisa bersifat sementara atau jangka panjang, dengan gejala ringan hingga berat. Untuk mengetahui apa penyebab pastinya, Anda harus memeriksakan diri ke dokter dan menjalani serangkaian tes.

Secara umum, anemia dapat dicegah dengan menghindari kekurangan zat besi dan aneka vitamin lain seperti asam folat (vitamin B9), vitamin B-12 dan vitamin C.

Selain itu, Anda juga disarankan menghindari jenis makanan yang dapat mempengaruhi penyerapan zat besi, di antaranya:

 

Minuman Berkafein

Beberapa penelitian menemukan, seperti dilansir Healthline bahwa kopi dan minuman berkafein lain dapat mengurangi penyerapan zat besi. Sebuah studi bahkan menemukan bahwa mengonsumsi kopi instan dengan roti setiap sarapan pagi dapat mengurangi penyerapan zat besi sebesar 60-90%, lebih kuat dibandingkan saat mengonsumsi kopi hitam atau teh.

 

Baca selengkapnya mengenai minuman berkafein, di sini!

 

Susu dan Produk Susu

Susu mungkin baik untuk tulang, tetapi mungkin tidak baik untuk kadar zat besi di dalam darah. Kandungan protein dan kalsium tertentu di dalam susu dan zat besi, berinteraksi membuat tubuh sulit menyerap zat besi.

Menurut Journal of Research in Medical Sciences yang diterbitkan pada Februari 2014, seperti dilansir Livestrong, menemukan bahwa mineral kalsium dan protein kasein dan whey, yang ditemukan dalam jumlah besar dalam susu dan produk susu lainnya memblokir reseptor zat besi, dan mengurangi jumlah mineral lain yang dapat diserap tubuh dari makanan kaya zat besi.

 

Makanan yang Mengandung Tanin

Kandungan tanin dan oksalat dari beberapa senyawa teh, dan makanan lain seperti anggur, jagung, sorgum, dan lainnya, dikatakan dapat menghambat penyerapan zat besi. Mereka mengikat zat besi, khususnya zat besi non-heme yang ditemukan dalam makanan nabati seperti kacang-kacangan, sayuran berdaun hijau, kacang polong, dan lain sebagainya.

 

Makanan yang Mengandung Asam Fitat

Asam fitat adalah zat alami unik yang ditemukan dalam biji tanaman. Asam fitat dapat mengganggu penyerapan zat besi, seng dan kalsium dan menyebabkan beberapa kekurangan mineral lainnya. Jenis makanan yang mengandung asam fitat, antara lain:

  • Kacang almond
  • Kacang merah
  • Hazelnut
  • Lentil
  • Jagung
  • Kacang tanah
  • Kacang polong
  • Nasi
  • Wijen
  • Kedelai
  • Gandum
  • Kacang kenari

 

Makanan yang Mengandung Asam Oksalat

Sayuran hijau dikatakan sebagai makanan yang sehat dan bernutrisi, namun di sisi lain, sayuran berdaun hijau juga mengandung asam oksalat yang berisiko meningkatkan risiko penyakit ginjal dan penyakit lainnya.

Asam oksalat, seperti dilansir Healthline, dapat mengikat mineral di pencernaan dan mencegah penyerapan zat besi. Namun, sensitivitas satu orang dan orang lainnya terhadap asam oksalat mungkin berbeda-beda, sehingga tidak semua orang akan merasakan pengaruhnya.

 

Bagaimana Cara Meningkatkan Penyerapan Zat Besi dari Makanan?

Sebagian orang mungkin memang memiliki kemampuan penyerapan zat besi yang kurang sehingga perlu mengonsumsi suplemen zat besi. Selain itu, Anda juga bisa meningkatkan penyerapan zat besi dengan beberapa cara berikut:

  • Membatasi asupan teh dan kopi serta minuman berkafein lainnya
  • Menghindari makanan tinggi kalsium yang dikonsumsi bersamaan dengan zat besi
  • Memasak makanan dalam waktu yang singkat
  • Memasak menggunakan wajan besi

 

Apabila Anda menunjukkan gejala anemia dan ingin tahu pengobatan apa yang harus dilakukan, maka sebaiknya periksakan diri ke dokter untuk mencari penyebabnya terlebih dahulu. Mengonsumsi suplemen zat besi secara mandiri tidak dianjurkan sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan, agar konsumsi suplemen dapat lebih efektif dan tepat guna.

 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 22:46

Bethany Cadman (2021). Foods and meal plans for iron deficiency. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322336#meal-plans

Mayo Clinic (2022). Anemia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351366

Mary Jane Brown, PhD, RD (UK) (2017). Do Coffee and Caffeine Inhibit Iron Absorption?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/coffee-caffeine-iron-absorption

Jody Braverman, CPT, FNS, RYT (2020). Is Drinking Milk With Meals Decreasing My Iron Absorption?. Available from: https://www.livestrong.com/article/525262-is-drinking-milk-with-meals-decreasing-my-iron-absorption/

Cathy Wong (2021). Can Drinking Tea Hinder Iron Absorption From Food?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-herbal-tea-interfere-with-iron-absorption-89168

Atli Arnarson BSc, PhD (2018). Phytic Acid 101: Everything You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/phytic-acid-101

Franziska Spritzler (2022). Oxalate (Oxalic Acid): Good or Bad?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/oxalate-good-or-bad

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8834 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9053
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3606 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3606
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9608 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9608
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9598 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9598
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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