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Makanan yang Sebaiknya Dihindari Pengidap Penyakit Ginjal dan Diabetes

Makanan yang Sebaiknya Dihindari Pengidap Penyakit Ginjal dan Diabetes
Ilustrasi makanan berlemak tinggi. Credit: Freepik

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Penyakit diabetes dapat menyebabkan komplikasi seperti penyakit ginjal. Mengatur pola makan dapat membantu menjaga kondisi kesehatan organ agar tetap dapat bekerja dengan baik. Apa saja makanan yang sebaiknya dihindari bagi pengidap masalah ginjal dan diabetes? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Makanan yang Sebaiknya Dihindari Pengidap Penyakit Ginjal dan Diabetes

Dalam tubuh kita, ginjal berfungsi menyaring darah, membuang limbah metabolisme, memproduksi hormon, serta mengatur keseimbangan cairan dan tekanan darah. Pada orang yang mengidap diabetes, kadar gula darah tinggi yang berkepanjangan dapat merusak pembuluh darah termasuk pembuluh darah pada ginjal. Akibatnya pengidap diabetes umumnya juga mengalami kerusakan ginjal. 

Bagi pengidap penyakit ginjal dan diabetes, penting untuk memantau jenis makanan yang dikonsumsi agar tidak memberatkan kerja organ. Misalnya, pengidap penyakit ginjal harus memantau asupan protein karena ginjal mungkin kesulitan menyaring produk limbah dari metabolisme protein. Namun, pada pengidap penyakit ginjal stadium akhir mungkin membutuhkan lebih banyak protein.

Berikut ini beberapa makanan yang sebaiknya dihindari pengidap penyakit ginjal dan diabetes:

Makanan tinggi garam

Makanan tinggi garam (natrium atau sodium) tidak dianjurkan untuk pengidap penyakit ginjal dan diabetes. Kelebihan garam dalam darah dapat membebani kerja ginjal sehingga memicu tekanan darah tinggi dan penumpukan cairan. Beberapa makanan tinggi natrium yang sebaiknya dihindari antara lain:

  • Daging olahan seperti sosis, dendeng, yang dibuat dengan proses mengeringkan, mengasinkan, mengawetkan atau mengasap daging
  • Mie instan 
  • Makanan beku, makanan yang diawetkan
  • Makanan olahan
  • Makanan cepat saji
  • Makanan dengan bumbu asin
  • Saus kemasan

Baca Juga: Nyeri Pinggang Kanan Tidak Selalu Berarti Sakit Ginjal, Kenali Penyebabnya

Makanan mengandung fosfor

Pengidap penyakit ginjal di tingkat tertentu perlu mengurangi asupan fosfor. Fosfor adalah mineral yang bertugas menjaga tulang Anda kuat dan bagian tubuh lainnya tetap sehat.

Ginjal yang rusak tidak dapat menghilangkan kelebihan fosfor dari darah dengan baik sementara terlalu banyak fosfor dapat membuat tubuh membuang kalsium. Akibatnya, tulang menjadi lemah dan meningkatnya risiko serangan jantung, stroke, bahkan kematian.

Beberapa makanan yang mengandung fosfor tinggi antara lain:

  • Daging merah
  • Produk susu
  • Kacang-kacangan
  • Kerang
  • Makanan kemasan
  • Soda

Makanan mengandung kalium

Pengidap penyakit ginjal cenderung tidak dapat mengeluarkan kalium dengan baik sehingga kadar kalium dalam darah meningkat. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan kelelahan, risiko masalah jantung, kelemahan otot, hingga kematian. 

Beberapa makanan tinggi kalium yang sebaiknya dihindari antara lain:

  • Pisang
  • Alpukat
  • Kiwi
  • Jeruk 
  • Sayuran hijau
  • Bit
  • Kentang
  • Ubi jalar

Baca Juga: Bagaimana Hidup Hanya dengan Satu Ginjal Saja?

Makanan dengan gula tambahan

Pengidap penyakit ginjal dan diabetes dianjurkan untuk membatasi asupan minuman dengan gula tambahan seperti jus kemasan dan minuman manis lainnya seperti soda, dan makanan manis seperti permen, kue kering atau donat gula. Minuman dan makanan ini cenderung menyebabkan lonjakan gula darah dengan cepat. Kadar gula darah tinggi dalam jangka waktu lama dapat merusak saraf, merusak ginjal dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung. 

Alkohol

Kebiasaan mengonsumsi alkohol dalam jumlah banyak dapat merusak fungsi ginjal. Bagi pengidap penyakit ginjal dan diabetes sebaiknya menghindari minum minuman beralkohol agar tidak memperparah kerja ginjal dalam menyaring darah.

 

Pengidap penyakit ginjal dan diabetes sebaiknya menghindari makanan tertentu untuk mencegah kerja organ terlalu berat. Jika Anda memiliki masalah ginjal dan diabetes, konsultasikan ke dokter dan ahli gizi mengenai makanan yang sebaiknya dikonsumsi setiap harinya.

Selain menjaga pola makan, pengidap ginjal dan diabetes juga perlu menerapkan gaya hidup sehat seperti olahraga, menurunkan berat badan, menjaga tingkat hidrasi tubuh, dan berhenti merokok. 

Bila memerlukan konsultasi kesehatan via online, Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di ponsel. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 25 Juli 2024 | 08:28

Raman, R. (2023). 5 Foods to Avoid with Kidney Disease and Diabetes. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-to-avoid-with-kidney-disease-and-diabetes#

CDC. Diabetes and Kidney Disease: What to Eat. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/diabetes-and-kidney-disease-food.html

Williams, F. (2023). Dietary tips for people with kidney disease and diabetes. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/foods-to-avoid-with-kidney-disease-and-diabetes

Kumar, K. (2022). Which Foods Are Bad for Kidney Disease and Diabetes? 18 Foods. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/foods_bad_for_kidney_disease_and_diabetes/article.htm

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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