Cara Menumbuhkan Empati pada Anak

Cara Menumbuhkan Empati pada Anak
Ilustrasi mendidik anak. Credit: Freepik

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Dalam masa tumbuh kembang anak, penting bagi orang tua untuk bukan hanya melatih kemampuan motorik dan kognitif anak, namun juga perkembangan sosial dan emosional anak. Salah satu perkembangan sosial yang perlu diajarkan pada anak adalah menumbuhkan rasa empati.

 

Mengapa Anak Perlu Memiliki Rasa Empati?

Empati adalah kemampuan seseorang dalam memahami situasi atau perasaan orang lain. Berbeda dengan kecerdasan yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, empati merupakan keterampilan yang perlu dipelajari anak-anak dan ditumbuhkan melalui kebiasaan sehari-hari.

Ada dua jenis empati, yaitu:

  • Empati emosional atau empati afektif, yaitu kemampuan untuk memahami emosi orang lain dan merespons dengan tepat.
  • Empati kognitif, yaitu kemampuan memahami perasaan dan kondisi mental orang lain dan alasan mengapa mereka merasa hal tersebut.

Anak yang memiliki rasa empati dapat menempatkan diri pada posisi orang lain serta memahami perasaan orang lain. Sebaliknya, jika anak tidak memiliki empati, ia akan bersikap tidak peduli pada orang-orang dan situasi di sekitarnya. 

Anak-anak dengan empati yang baik akan tumbuh menjadi individu yang suka menolong sesama, tidak egois, pengaturan emosi lebih baik, dan lebih bisa menghargai perbedaan yang ada di sekitarnya. Hal ini akan membawa anak menjadi pribadi yang mudah membangun hubungan sosial dengan sesama. 

Baca Juga: Tips Mendidik Anak Agar Tidak Memiliki Sikap Materialistis

 

Cara Melatih Anak Agar Memiliki Rasa Empati

Empati pada anak perlu diajarkan dan dilatih sejak kecil. Beberapa cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk melatih anak agar memiliki sikap empati antara lain:

Penuhi kebutuhan emosional anak

Untuk bisa mengajarkan anak agar berempati dengan orang lain, orang tua perlu memenuhi kebutuhan emosionalnya terlebih dahulu. Anak yang terpenuhi kebutuhan emosionalnya akan merasa dihargai, bahagia, dan damai. Pemenuhan kebutuhan emosi anak juga memengaruhi bagaimana cara pandangnya terhadap lingkungan sekelilingnya dan bagaimana mereka akan berinteraksi dengan orang lain.

Untuk itu, pastikan orang tua memenuhi kebutuhan emosi anak seperti:

  • Kasih sayang
  • Sentuhan dan perhatian
  • Apresiasi
  • Rasa aman
  • Rasa cinta dan penerimaan

Baca Juga: Cara Melatih Disiplin pada Anak Sejak Kecil

Bantu anak mengenali perasaannya

Anak-anak perlu dilatih mengenali emosinya. Akan lebih mudah bagi anak-anak untuk mengatur emosinya jika ia mengenali apa yang ia rasakan. Sejak kecil, kenalkan berbagai perasaan pada anak seperti kecewa, jengkel, sedih, kesepian, bahagia, atau puas, agar anak-anak mampu mengenali dan mengelolanya dengan baik.

Misalnya ketika anak bertengkar dengan temannya, jangan segera memarahi anak, namun lerai anak terlebih dahulu dan tunggu hingga ia merasa agak tenang. Setelah anak merasa tenang, baru ajak anak untuk membicarakan apa yang baru saja terjadi. Berikan pemahaman pada anak bagaimana cara mengekspresikan perasaannya dengan cara lebih tepat.

Ajarkan anak berbagi

Anda dapat mengajarkan anak untuk berbagi sejak usia balita. Namun anak mungkin baru benar-benar dapat mempraktikkan berbagi dengan rekannya ketika usia 3 tahun atau lebih. Orang tua bisa mengajarkan anak berbagi makanan atau bergantian memakai mainan sebagai langkah awal melatih anak untuk berbagi dan memperhatikan kebutuhan orang lain.

Beri contoh

Anak akan lebih mudah belajar empati dari orang tuanya. Anda bisa mengajarkan empati dengan memberikan contoh yang baik pada anak seperti bersikap baik pada semua orang, berbagi dengan sekitar, dan penuh kasih sayang pada setiap orang. Dengan melihat contoh dari orang tuanya, anak akan belajar secara langsung bagaimana menumbuhkan rasa empati.

Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan seputar cara mendidik anak, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke psikolog anak atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di App Store atau Play Store. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 6 Oktober 2024 | 21:40

VanClay, M. The caring child: How to teach empathy (age 5). Available from: https://www.babycenter.com/child/parenting-strategies/the-caring-child-how-to-teach-empathy-age-5_67146

Brown, M. (2022). How to Teach Toddlers to Share. Available from: https://www.whattoexpect.com/toddler/behavior/sharing-and-taking-turns.aspx

Raising Children. Sharing and learning to share share. Available from: https://raisingchildren.net.au/toddlers/behaviour/friends-siblings/sharing

Gillette, H. (2022). How to Be More Compassionate: 6 Tips. Available from: https://psychcentral.com/health/how-to-be-more-compassionate

Pieper, M. How Can I Teach My Child Empathy?. Available from: https://www.babycenter.com/child/parenting-strategies/how-can-i-teach-my-child-empathy_3213

Dewar, G. (2024). Teaching empathy: Evidence-based tips for fostering empathic awareness in children. Available from: https://parentingscience.com/teaching-empathy-tips/

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8644 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8644
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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