Analisis Batu

Analisis Batu
Ilustrasi minum air yang bisa disarankan dokter untuk membantu mengeluarkan batu dari saluran kemih. Credit: Freepik.

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Definisi

Analisis batu adalah pemeriksaan dari batu yang terbentuk di dalam tubuh, seperti batu saluran kemih atau di empedu. Batu tersebut terbentuk dari kumpulan mineral. Umumnya, pementukan batu ini terbentuk pada pria dengan usia 50 tahun ke atas. Batu dalam saluran kemih terkadang tidak memberikan gejala atau keluar dari dalam tubuh secara alami dan bahkan Anda tidak mengetahui mungkin Anda memiliki satu diantaranya. Gejala umum yang terasa adalah terasa sakit atau nyeri ketika Anda buang air kecil sehingga Anda perlu membuang atau menghilangkannya.

Tipe dan ukuran dari batu pada saluran kemih bervariasi mulai dari ukuran kecil (sekitar 4-6 mm) dan dapat dikeluarkan secara alami melalui urine dalam waktu 30-45 hari. Pemberian obat untuk memperlancar keluarnya batu tersebut tetap diperlukan. Bila menimbulkan rasa sakit atau infeksi pada saluran kemih, maka terkadang diperlukan penanganan medis lebih lanjut. Pada batu berukuran besar (sekitar lebih dari 6 mm), umumnya perlu dikeluarkan melalui tindakan medis dikarenakan dapat menghalangi aliran urine ketika buang air kecil.

Beberapa tipe batu yang terbentuk dari beberapa mineral yang berbeda seperti batu asam urat, batu sistin, batu struvit, batu empedu, dan batu kalsium. Batu kalsium adalah jenis batu yang paling umum terbentuk dan memiliki 2 jenis, yaitu kalsium oksalat dan kalsium fosfat. Batu ini terbentuk karena terlalu banyak kalsium dalam utin. Batu asam urat disebabkan oleh konsumsi makanan tinggi purin sehingga terbentuk batu asam urat. Batu sistin biasanya ditemukan pada penyakit yang diturunkan yang disebut sistinuria yang mengakibatkan tingginya asam amino spesifik pada urine. Batu struvit adalah salah satu batu kemih yang jarang terbentuk tetapi biasanya ditemukan pada penderita infeksi saluran kemih.

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan analisis batu akan disarankan oleh dokter bila Anda dirasa memiliki gejala adanya batu pada kandung kemih, di antaranya:

  • Rasa nyeri atau sakit ketika buang air kecil
  • Buang air kecil dalam frekuensi sering
  • Ada rasa tidak lampias setelah buang air kecil
  • Adanya darah pada urine
  • Urine keruh atau berbau tidak sedap
  • Rasa urine seperti berpasir saat buang air kecil
  • Mual atau muntah
  • Demam dan menggigil

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kontraindikasi khusus terkait pemeriksaan pemeriksaan analisis batu. Semua orang yang terutama dicurigai memiliki gangguan terkait pembentukan batu di tubuh bisa melakukan pemeriksaan ini.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan analisis batu tidak membutuhkan persiapan khusus. Bila Anda menjalani pemeriksaan lain, maka Anda akan diminta untuk berpuasa (tidak makan) beberapa jam sebelum pemeriksaan dilakukan. Beberapa obat dapat memengaruhi hasil pengujian Anda sehingga sebaiknya Anda memberikan informasi pada dokter Anda.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan analisis batu umumnya memerlukan sampel batu yang sudah dikeluarkan dari tubuh, seperti dari ginjal, ureter, kandung kemih atau empedu. Pemeriksaan ini akan mencari tahu batu tersebut terbuat dari bahan apa. 

Pada gangguan batu dari saluran kemih, Anda bisa diminta untuk menampung urine yang sudah disaring untuk mendapat batu. Ketika Anda melihat ada batu yang keluar saat sedang buang air kecil, batu tersebut bisa diambil, dibersihkan dan ditampung di dalam wadah khusus yang sudah diberikan. Dokter bisa memberitahu Anda untuk meminum banyak air putih untuk membantu batu agar bisa keluar saat buang air kecil. 

Namun, hal di atas bisa dilakukan bila ukuran batu sangat kecil. Pada kasus batu yang berukuran besar, umumnya batu akan diambil pada prosedur operasi.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Umumnya, ketika ditemukan adanya batu di dalam tubuh sudah menandakan terdapat kelainan pada tubuh. Ketika sampel batu dianalisis lebih jauh, akan terlihat batu tersebut terbuat dari apa.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Ada empat jenis utama batu ginjal:

  • Kalsium adalah jenis batu yang paling umum.
  • Asam urat adalah jenis batu umum lainnya.
  • Sistin adalah jenis batu yang tidak umum. Hal ini disebabkan oleh sistinuria, penyakit ginjal yang diturunkan dari orang tua Anda.
  • Struvit adalah jenis batu yang paling langka. Biasanya terbentuk setelah infeksi saluran kemih (ISK).

Batu ginjal bisa berukuran sekecil butiran pasir atau sebesar kacang polong, dan terkadang bahkan lebih besar. Batu yang sangat kecil bisa keluar dari tubuh Anda saat Anda buang air kecil (buang air kecil). Batu yang lebih besar atau berbentuk aneh dapat tersangkut di dalam saluran kemih dan menghalangi aliran urine. 

Batu yang ada di tubuh, baik dalam saluran kemih atau kelenjar empedu harus dikeluarkan atau dihancurkan. Konsultasikan pada dokter Anda terkait pemeriksaan dan penanganan lebih lanjut. 

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Konsultasikan hasil pemeriksaan analisis batu Anda kepada dokter Anda. Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter umum untuk mendapatkan diagnosis dan terapi yang sesuai serta pemeriksaan lanjutan bila dirasa perlu dalam penegakan diagnosis. Bila diperlukan, Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam terkait kondisi Anda. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 8 Desember 2023 | 01:26

Bladder Stones. (2022). Retrieved 26 September 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441944/

Kidney Stone Analysis. (2022). Retrieved 26 September 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/kidney-stone-analysis/

Kidney Stone Testing. (2021). Retrieved 26 September 2022, from https://www.testing.com/kidney-stone-testing/

Urine and Stone Analysis for Investigation of the Renal Stone Former : A Consensus Conference. (2020). Retrieved 26 September 2022, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00240-020-01217-3#Abs1

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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