Craniosynostosis, Ketika Ubun-Ubun Bayi Menutup Lebih Cepat

Craniosynostosis, Ketika Ubun-Ubun Bayi Menutup Lebih Cepat
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Normalnya ubun-ubun bayi akan menutup dan menjadi tulang padat saat berusia 2 tahun. Tulang tersebut tetap terbuka hingga usia 2 tahun untuk memberi ruang otak bayi agar bisa tumbuh.

Namun, ada kondisi bawaan yang menyebabkan tengkorak bayi menutup sebelum otak bayi terbentuk sempurna. Kondisi yang termasuk cacat lahir ini disebut dengan istilah craniosynostosis.

 

Penyebab dan Bahaya Craniosynostosis

Penyebab pasti craniosynostosis tidak diketahui. Para ahli menduga bahwa kelainan bawaan tersebut terkait dengan problem genetik yang dialami.

Secara umum craniosynostosis dikategorikan menjadi dua berdasarkan penyebabnya, di antaranya:

  • Craniosynostosis nonsyndromic - yaitu craniosynostosis yang tidak terkait dengan sindrom tertentu. Penyebab pastinya tidak diketahui, tetapi diduga disebabkan kombinasi gangguan genetik dan faktor lingkungan
  • Syndromic craniosynostosis - yaitu craniosynostosis yang disebabkan oleh sindrom genetik tertentu seperti sindrom Apert, sindrom Pfeiffer, sindrom Carpenter, sindrom Saethre-chotzen atau sindrom Crouzon. Sindrom genetik tersebut dapat memengaruhi perkembangan tengkorak bayi.

Baik craniosynostosis nonsyndromic maupun syndromic sama-sama dapat memengaruhi kesehatan bayi. Bayi sangat berisiko mengalami tekanan di tengkorak yang dapat menghambat tumbuh kembang, menyebabkan gangguan kognitif, kebutaan, kejang dan sakit kepala.

Kondisi lain yang mungkin dialami adalah bentuk kepala dan wajah yang abnormal, rendahnya harga diri, dan isolasi sosial.

 

Baca Juga: Mengenal Fetus in Fetu, Kelainan Langka Janin di Dalam Janin

 

Tanda-Tanda Craniosynostosis

Tanda utama craniosynostosis paling umum adalah perubahan bentuk kepala dan wajah. Kepala dan wajah menjadi asimetri dan tampak berbeda dari setiap sisi.

Karena tengkorak telah menutup, bayi mungkin mengalami peningkatan tekanan di tengkorak, yang ditandai dengan beberapa hal berikut:

  • Ubun-ubun terlihat penuh
  • Bayi merasa mengantuk
  • Vena kulit kepala yang mungkin sangat terlihat
  • Bayi mudah marah
  • Tangisan bernada tinggi
  • Bayi menolak menyusu
  • Bayi sering muntah
  • Peningkatan ukuran lingkar kepala
  • Kejang
  • Mata melotot
  • Ketidakmampuan untuk melihat ke atas saat kepala menghadap ke depan
  • Keterlambatan perkembangan

 

Pengobatan bila Bayi Mengalami Craniosynostosis

Pengobatan terhadap bayi yang mengalami kelainan craniosynostosis berbeda-beda, tergantung pada keparahan kondisinya. Adapun pengobatan yang dilakukan meliputi:

 

Penggunaan helm khusus

Bayi yang mengalami craniosynostosis ringan biasanya tidak membutuhkan operasi. Mereka membutuhkan helm khusus untuk memperbaiki bentuk tengkorak saat otak mulai tumbuh.

Helm yang digunakan tentunya bukan helm biasa. Helm ini adalah cetakan ulang tengkorak yang biasanya terbuat dari cangkang luar yang keras dengan lapisan busa. Tekanan lembut dari desain helm tersebut akan membantu pertumbuhan alami kepala bayi sambil menghambat pertumbuhan di area yang menonjol.

Helm pada dasarnya berbentuk bulat dan menyediakan ruang untuk tempat kepala tumbuh. Helm juga membantu mencegah kepala makin rata.

 

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Sindrom Mobius, Kelainan Langka Penyebab Kelumpuhan Wajah

Operasi endoskopi

Operasi endoskopi pada bayi dengan craniosynostosis efektif diberikan pada bayi berusia di bawah 3 bulan. Prosedur invasif ini menggunakan tabung tipis dengan kamera sehingga sayatan yang diberikan pada kepala bayi lebih kecil.

Metode ini membantu mengangkat potongan kecil tulang di atas jahitan yang menyatu. Pembedahannya meminimalkan kehilangan darah, dengan pemulihan yang lebih cepat.

Setelah operasi, bayi perlu menggunakan helm khusus hingga 12 bulan agar tengkorak kembali terbentuk.

 

Operasi terbuka

Operasi terbuka craniosynostosis biasanya dilakukan pada bayi berusia 11 bulan. Dokter perlu melakukan sayatan besar di kulit kepala bayi untuk membuang tulang di area tengkorak, membentuknya kembali dan mengembalikannya.

Terkadang dibutuhkan lebih dari satu operasi, tetapi bayi tidak perlu menggunakan helm setelah prosedur. Operasi ini membutuhkan pemulihan yang lebih lama dan risiko kehilangan darah yang lebih besar.

 

Konsultasikan dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care apabila menemukan tanda-tanda craniosynostosis pada bayi Anda. Dokter akan membantu memberikan rekomendasi pengobatan yang terbaik sesuai usia dan kondisi bayi.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 11 Mei 2023 | 06:45

Stephanie Watson (2017). What Is Craniosynostosis?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/craniosynostosis?utm_source=ReadNext 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Craniosynostosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/craniosynostosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354513 

CHOC. Head Shape and Craniosynostosis. Available from: https://www.choc.org/neuroscience/craniosynostosis/ 

John Hopkins Medicine. Helmet Therapy for Your Baby. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/helmet-therapy-for-your-baby 

Seattle Children's. Endoscopic Strip Craniectomy. Available from: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/clinics/craniofacial/services/endoscopic-strip-craniectomy 

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5977 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9636 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9636
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6529 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6529
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7834 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7834
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8031 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8031
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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