Dislokasi Lensa

Dislokasi Lensa
Dislokasi lensa dapat menyebabkan hambatan dalam beraktivitas. Laki-laki lebih sering mengalami dislokasi lensa dibandingkan perempuan.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Dislokasi lensa atau ectopia lensa merupakan kondisi lepasnya lensa atau bergesernya lensa dari lokasi yang seharusnya. Lensa dikatakan mengalami dislokasi jika lensa tersebut berada di luar ruang lensa, atau mengambang pada cairan bola mata, atau menempel pada retina. Lensa dikatakan mengalami subluksasi jika hanya sebagian lensa yang bergeser, namun masih tetap berada pada ruang lensa. Umumnya dislokasi lensa disebabkan oleh kecelakaan atau trauma, sehingga dislokasi lensa yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba perlu dievaluasi secara menyeluruh untuk menyingkirkan adanya penyakit sistemik tertentu.

Dislokasi lensa dapat menyebabkan hambatan dalam beraktivitas. Laki-laki lebih sering mengalami dislokasi lensa dibandingkan perempuan. Dislokasi lensa dapat terjadi pada berbagai usia. Luaran dari dislokasi lensa bergantung pada derajat keparahannya, usia, dan komplikasi yang terjadi pada pasien. Dislokasi lensa yang terjadi akibat trauma umumnya memiliki luaran yang lebih buruk bergantung pada derajat traumanya.

 

Penyebab

Dislokasi lensa dapat disebabkan oleh trauma, penyakit pada bola mata, dan penyakit sistemik. Trauma merupakan kondisi yang paling sering menyebabkan dislokasi lensa. Dislokasi lensa juga dapat terjadi pada anak-anak. Dislokasi lensa oleh trauma disebabkan oleh benturan langsung ke bola mata akibat terkena bola ketika berolahraga, namun dapat juga disebabkan oleh benturan tidak langsung pada orbita atau kepala. Walaupun trauma merupakan penyebab tersering dari dislokasi lensa, penyebab lain seperti penyakit sistemis masih perlu dipertimbangkan.

Penyakit primer yang dapat menyebabkan dislokasi lensa:

 

Penyakit sistemik yang berhubungan dengan ektopia lensa adalah:

  • Sindrom Marfan. Sindrom marfan merupakan kondisi yang paling sering menyebabkan dislokasi lensa yang diturunkan, sekitar pada 75% pasien dengan sindrom marfan mengalami dislokasi lensa. Sindrom marfan merupakan penyakit yang diturunkan secara autosomal dominan. Dislokasi lensa yang berhubungan dengan sindrom marfan disebabkan oleh rusaknya jaringan yang menggantung lensa. Hal ini menyebabkan dislokasi lensa pada kedua mata yang jarang terjadi pada kasus trauma.
  • Homosistinuria. Homosistinuria merupakan penyebab dislokasi lensa kedua tersering. Homosistinuria disebabkan oleh gangguan metabolik yang diturunkan. Kondisi ini menyebabkan penurunan integritas dari jaringan yang menahan lensa.

 

Faktor Risiko

  • Trauma atau benturan pada mata atau kepala
  • Memiliki penyakit sistemik, seperti sindrom Marfan atau homosistinuria
  • Riwayat keluarga dengan dislokasi lensa
  • Penyakit mata lainnya, seperti uveitis

 

Gejala

Gejala yang umumnya dialami adalah:

  • Mata merah setelah mengalami trauma
  • Penurunan tajam penglihatan
  • Tidak dapat melihat dekat
  • Pandangan ganda
  • Nyeri kepala

 

Diagnosis

Dokter akan menanyakan mengenai mekanisme trauma, benturan yang terjadi pada kepala, apakah Anda menggunakan helm, dan lain-lain. Jika Dokter Anda mencurigai adanya kelainan sistemik atau gangguan pada organ lain, maka dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut. 

Pada pemeriksaan fisis (seluruh tubuh), dokter Anda akan melakukan pemeriksaan tajam penglihatan untuk melihat apakah telah terjadi mata malas. Selanjutnya, dokter Anda akan melakukan pemeriksaan bagian luar mata, seperti bentuk wajah, pengukuran diameter kornea, dan melihat apakah ada strabismus/mata juling. Jika diperlukan, dokter Anda akan melakukan pemeriksaan retinoskopi, keratometri, dan pemeriksaan dengan slit lamp untuk melihat adanya glaukoma dan kerusakan pada bilik mata depan. Pada pemeriksaan ini, dokter juga dapat melihat adanya ablasio retina. 

Jika dokter Anda mencurigai adanya penyakit lain yang mendasari, dokter Anda akan melakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium lanjutan. Pemeriksaan echography untuk mengukur ukuran bola mata dapat dilakukan.

 

Tata Laksana

Pengobatan dislokasi lensa bergantung pada lokasi lensa dan seberapa jauh lensa tersebut bergerak. Koreksi secara cepat dapat mencegah ambliopia atau mata malas. Jika lensa bergerak ke bagian depan bola mata, pengobatan awal adalah obat tetes mata untuk melebarkan iris agar lensa dapat bergerak ke belakang mata. Glaukoma dapat ditatalaksana dengan pengobatan glaukoma untuk menurunkan tekanan bola mata.

Dislokasi lensa yang progresif tanpa komplikasi dapat ditangani dengan obat-obatan. Namun, dokter Anda umumnya menyarankan untuk melakukan operasi untuk memperbaiki penglihatan dan mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut. Terapi operasi diindikasikan pada kondisi dislokasi lensa berikut:

  • Lensa pada bilik mata depan
  • Uveitis yang disebabkan oleh dislokasi lensa
  • Glaukoma yang disebabkan oleh dislokasi lensa
  • Penglihatan yang memburuk
  • Terjadi anisometropia atau perbedaan tajam penglihatan yang besar pada kedua mata

 

Obat tetes mata dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan bola mata. Pemeriksaan lanjutan untuk memonitor gejala dan tekanan bola mata perlu dilakukan oleh dokter.

Tanpa adanya riwayat trauma, kondisi dislokasi lensa memerlukan pengobatan secara kolaborasi dengan spesialis mata, anak, dan penyakit dalam. 

Dislokasi lensa juga dapat terjadi setelah operasi katarak. Pada kondisi dislokasi lensa yang minimal atau tidak parah, dokter Anda umumnya akan menyarankan menunggu dan mengamati perbaikan pada keluhan. Jika terjadi kerusakan pada sekitar mata, operasi mungkin diperlukan untuk memperbaiki posisi lensa tersebut.

 

Komplikasi

Jika tidak ditangani dengan baik, dislokasi lensa dapat menyebabkan terjadinya mata malas atau disebut dengan ambliopia. Selain itu, seseorang juga dapat rentan terserang peradangan pada bagian dalam mata, seperti uveitis. Kerusakan saraf mata dan lepasnya retina juga dapat terjadi. Apabila terjadi lepasnya retina, maka seseorang dapat kehilangan penglihatannya atau mengalami kebutaan bila tidak segera ditangani.

 

Pencegahan

Dislokasi lensa dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan helm ketika berkendara. Dislokasi lensa yang berhubungan dengan sindrom tidak dapat dicegah. Gunakan safety googles ketika melakukan pekerjaan yang memiliki risiko untuk melukai mata. Penanganan yang awal terhadap kondisi dislokasi lensa dapat membantu mencegah komplikasi.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Jika Anda mengalami mata merah dan buram setelah terjadi trauma kepala atau bola mata, segera periksakan diri Anda ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekat. Jika Anda memiliki keturunan dengan dislokasi lensa atau penyakit sistemik tertentu, penglihatan buram dapat menjadi salah satu tanda terjadinya dislokasi lensa.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Tannia Sembiring S Ked
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 01:17

Elfrig CW. (2018). Ectopia Lentis. Medscape. Retrieved 15 November 2021, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1211159-treatment#d8.

Jin, G. M., Fan, M., Cao, Q. Z., Lin, J. X., Zhang, Y. C., Lin, J. Q., Wang, Y. Y., Young, C. A., & Zheng, D. Y. (2018). Trends and characteristics of congenital ectopia lentis in China. International journal of ophthalmology, 11(9), 1545–1549. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2018.09.19

Morkin M. (2019). Ectopia lentis. EyeWiki. Retrieved 15 November 2021, from https://eyewiki.aao.org/Ectopia_Lentis.

Garabet C. (2021). Dislocated intraocular lens. EyeWiki. Retrieved 15 November 2021, from https://eyewiki.aao.org/Dislocated_Intraocular_Lens.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.82msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 1759, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-09 23:20:58', '2025-04-09 23:20:58')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 1759
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-09 23:20:58
      • 8: 2025-04-09 23:20:58
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.07msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 26 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 26
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7675 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7675
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7225 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7225
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8379 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8379
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3554 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3554
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8614 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8614
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.15msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1159 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1159
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8527 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8527
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1810 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1810
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1605 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1605
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new13.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1674 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1674
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1696 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1696
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.06msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new970μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.23msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    57Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
    2User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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