Other brands/names

Acetazolamid, Glauseta, Cenda Glaucon

How it Works

Acetazolamide is a medication that lowers pressure inside the eye and also acts as a diuretic. It removes excess water from the body and works by blocking the action of an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase.

Indications

This medicine is used to treat several conditions, including:

• Glaucoma

• Fluid retention (edema or organ swelling) that requires diuresis

• Congestive heart failure

• Prevention of altitude sickness (high-altitude illness)

• Increased blood pressure in the brain

• Epilepsy

Contraindications

Acetazolamide should not be taken by patients with the following conditions:

• History of allergy or hypersensitivity to sulfonamide drugs (symptoms may include hives or swelling of the eyelids)

• Hyperchloremic acidosis (blood pH below 7.35 due to high chloride levels)

• Cirrhosis or severe liver disease

• Severe kidney failure

Side Effects

Although uncommon, some side effects may occur, such as:

• Electrolyte imbalances like low potassium (hypokalemia) or low sodium (hyponatremia)

• Ringing in the ears

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Fatigue

• Headache

• Loss of appetite

• Skin reactions such as rashes or hives

Types

Acetazolamide is available as 250 mg tablets.

Dosage

As a diuretic

Adults: 250–375 mg once daily.

For glaucoma or as a preparation prior to glaucoma surgery

Adults: 250–1000 mg daily, divided into several doses throughout the day.

For altitude sickness

Adults: 250–500 mg daily, divided into two doses.

Safety

Pregnancy:

Acetazolamide is classified as FDA Category C. Animal studies have shown potential harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate human studies. The use of this medication in pregnant women should be carefully weighed, considering both risks and benefits.

Drug Interactions

Anticonvulsants (Phenytoin or Carbamazepine)

Concurrent use of acetazolamide with anticonvulsants such as phenytoin or carbamazepine may cause the serums levels of the anticonvulsants to increase. These in turn can rais the risk of side effects to occur.

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