Persiapan dan Prosedur Kolonoskopi (Colonoscopy)

Persiapan dan Prosedur Kolonoskopi (Colonoscopy)
Ilustrasi prosedur medis. Credits: Freepik.

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Apabila Anda mengalami gejala mencurigakan seperti perubahan kebiasaan buang air besar, adanya darah saat buang air besar, nyeri perut yang tidak biasa tanpa sebab yang jelas, atau ingin melakukan skrining kanker usus karena usia Anda sudah lanjut, Anda perlu memeriksakan diri ke dokter. Prosedur kolonoskopi banyak direkomendasikan oleh dokter untuk memeriksa bagian dalam usus besar, khususnya bila pasien mengalami keluhan yang berkaitan dengan penyakit saluran cerna. 

 

Manfaat Prosedur Kolonoskopi

Kolonoskopi adalah prosedur di mana dokter menggunakan alat yang disebut kolonoskop untuk memeriksa bagian dalam usus besar. Alat medis ini memiliki bentuk berupa tabung atau selang panjang yang dilengkapi kamera di bagian ujung. Alat ini dapat membantu memberikan gambaran organ pencernaan serta mengetahui bagaimana kondisi usus.

Prosedur ini dapat bermanfaat dalam menemukan dan menilai beberapa kondisi di area usus besar dan rektum, di antaranya:

  • Polip usus
  • Peradangan atau sumbatan pada usus
  • Divertikulitis, yaitu terbentuknya kantung kecil menonjol di lapisan usus
  • Tanda-tanda kanker usus besar
  • Sebagai skrining kesehatan rutin bagi orang yang berisiko memiliki kanker usus besar
  • Memahami penyebab munculnya gejala terkait sistem pencernaan seperti nyeri perut, perubahan kebiasaan buang air besar, penurunan berat badan atau adanya darah di tinja yang tidak kunjung sembuh

Walaupun prosedur ini terdengar menakutkan, namun bagi sebagian orang prosedur ini cukup aman dan merupakan langkah penting dalam perawatan kesehatan. Sebelum menjalani kolonoskopi, Anda akan menjalani persiapan khusus. Sangat penting untuk mengikuti setiap instruksi dokter sehingga prosedur kolonoskopi dapat berjalan dengan lancar.

Baca Juga: Jenis-Jenis Polip Usus, Diagnosis dan Penanganannya

 

Persiapan Kolonoskopi

Prosedur kolonoskopi diawali dengan persiapan yang sebenarnya merupakan langkah penting untuk memastikan kolonoskopi berhasil dilakukan dengan baik. Persiapan ini biasanya perlu dilakukan beberapa hari sebelum prosedur, untuk memastikan usus besar dalam keadaan bersih sehingga bisa didapatkan gambaran yang baik selama prosedur. Berikut adalah langkah-langkah persiapannya:

Memodifikasi pola makan

Salah satu persiapan kolonoskopi yang perlu dilakukan adalah memodifikasi pola makan. Anda disarankan untuk mengonsumsi makanan rendah serat selama 2-3 hari, yang diikuti dengan hanya meminum cairan jernih di hari terakhir sebelum prosedur. Jangan mengonsumsi makanan padat atau produk susu satu hari sebelum prosedur.

Menjaga asupan cairan

Anda perlu menjaga tubuh tetap terhidrasi. Cairan yang bisa Anda konsumsi selain air adalah teh, kopi, atau sup jernih. 

Persiapan khusus

Selain itu, dokter juga akan meresepkan obat untuk menyiapkan usus Anda. Obat ini berupa larutan pencahar yang dapat membantu mengeluarkan kotoran dari saluran cerna untuk mengosongkan usus besar. Obat mungkin diminum di siang atau malam hari sebelum kolonoskopi. Anda mungkin akan sedikit tidak nyaman karena harus berulang kali buang air besar, namun tetap ingat bahwa ini merupakan prosedur yang penting. 

Baca Juga: Jenis Makanan yang Sebaiknya Dihindari Pengidap Divertikulitis (Radang Usus Besar)

 

Prosedur Kolonoskopi

Sesampainya Anda di rumah sakit Anda akan mulai dipersiapkan. Prosedur biasanya berlangsung sekitar 30-60 menit. Anda akan diminta untuk berbaring miring dan diberi obat penenang atau sedasi. Tergantung jenis obat penenang yang diberikan, Anda bisa kehilangan kesadaran, tertidur atau rileks tanpa merasa sakit selama kolonoskopi. 

Kolonoskop akan diberi pelumas lalu dimasukkan melalui rektum. Alat akan dipandu secara perlahan untuk memasuki usus besar. Selama proses ini, kamera yang terhubung akan memperlihatkan lapisan dalam usus besar. Untuk memungkinkan pandangan yang lebih baik, dokter akan memompa sedikit udara ke dalam usus. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan sedikit ketidaknyamanan dan kembung sementara.

Apabila dokter menemukan adanya polip atau area yang mencurigakan, dokter dapat melakukan tindakan seperti pengangkatan polip atau pengambilan sampel jaringan. Proses ini juga biasanya tidak menyebabkan rasa sakit.

Setelah kolonoskopi selesai, Anda akan membutuhkan pemantauan selama beberapa jam sambil memulihkan efek obat penenang. Anda akan dilarang melakukan beberapa hal seperti mengemudi setelah diizinkan pulang.

Apabila setelah prosedur Anda merasakan ketidaknyamanan, sebaiknya segera informasikan keluhan Anda ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang prosedur kolonoskopi dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 16 Desember 2023 | 17:14

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Colonoscopy. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4949-colonoscopy 

American Cancer Society (2023). Colonoscopy. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/diagnosis-staging/tests/endoscopy/colonoscopy.html 

Health Direct (2022). Colonoscopy. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/colonoscopy#what-is 

WebMD (2022). Colonoscopy. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/colonoscopy-what-you-need-to-know 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Diverticulitis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diverticulitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371758 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Colorectal (Colon) Cancer. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14501-colorectal-colon-cancer 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6011
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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