Penyakit Paru Interstisial

Penyakit Paru Interstisial

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Definisi

Paru-paru tersusun atas alveolus (kantung kecil tempat bertukarnya udara), pembuluh darah, dan saluran pernapasan. Seluruh struktur ini berfungsi untuk mengalirkan udara dan melakukan pertukaran oksigen dan karbondioksida. Ketika terjadi proses peradangan berulang atau terus menerus pada paru-paru baik akibat iritan di udara maupun penyakit genetik; struktur tersebut akan digantikan oleh jaringan parut. Jaringan parut memiliki komponen dan bentuk yang berbeda dari saluran napas, pembuluh darah, dan alveolus. Jaringan parut bersifat lebih kaku, sehingga pertukaran udara tidak dapat terjadi secara sempurna. Hal ini menyebabkan kondisi yang disebut penyakit paru interstisial.

Penyakit paru interstisial adalah sekelompok penyakit yang ditandai dengan adanya jaringan parut pada paru-paru. Kelompok penyakit ini juga sering disebut dengan fibrosis paru. Penyakit paru interstisial dialami oleh sekitar 30 per 100000 orang di Amerika per tahun, namun diperkirakan penderitanya lebih dari yang terdata.

Ketika struktur paru sudah digantikan oleh jaringan parut, hal ini bersifat ireversibel atau tidak dapat sembuh kembali. Obat-obatan dapat membantu memperlambat progres penyakit, namun pada sebagian besar kasus, paru-paru tidak dapat digunakan kembali sehingga membutuhkan transplantasi paru.

 

Penyebab

Paru-paru yang terpapar iritan, seperti debu atau asbes akan melalui proses peradangan, yaitu proses untuk menghilangkan iritan dan mengembalikan struktur paru seperti semula. Pada paparan berulang, proses peradangan ini tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, sehingga jaringan tidak dapat kembali seperti semula dan digantikan oleh jaringan parut. Jaringan parut bersifat tebal dan kaku, sehingga menghambat pertukaran udara ke pembuluh darah. Hal ini yang menyebabkan gejala-gejala pada penyakit paru interstisial.

Terdapat lebih dari 200 penyebab dari penyakit paru interstisial. Oleh karena itu, penyebab dari penyakit paru interstisial dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok besar, yaitu:

  • Paparan okupasional dan lingkungan. Paparan jangka panjang terhadap toksin dan polutan dapat merusak paru-paru Anda. Zat tersebut antara lain adalah silika, asbestos, kotoran burung, terapi radiasi, dan pemandian air panas indoor.
  • Obat-obatan. Beberapa obat-obatan berisiko untuk menyebabkan penyakit paru interstisial jika tidak digunakan sesuai anjuran, antara lain:
    • Obat kemoterapi, yaitu obat yang ditujukan untuk membunuh sel kanker, seperti metotrezate dan siklofosfamid dapat merusak paru-paru
    • Obat irama jantung seperti amiodaron dan propanolol dapat menyebabkan kerusakan paru-paru
    • Antibiotik seperti nitrofurantoin dan etambutol dapat merusak paru-paru
    • Obat antiinflamasi seperti rituximab dan sulfasalazine dapat merusak paru-paru
  • Kondis medis autoimun dapat menyebabkan penyakit paru interstisial, antara lain:
    • Artritis reumatoid
    • Skleroderma
    • Dermatositosis
    • Sindrom Sjorgen
    • Sarkoidosis
  • Genetik
  • Idiopatik. Pada beberapa kasus, penyebab dari penyakit paru interstisial tidak pernah diketahui secara pasti.

 

Faktor Risiko

Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan risiko mengalami penyakit paru interstisial, antara lain:

  • Usia. Penyakit paru interstisial lebih sering terjadi apda orang dewasa, walaupun terdapat beberapa kasus yang melibatkan bayi dan anak-anak.
  • Paparan terhadap zat. Jika Anda bekerja di pertambangan, pertanian, atau konstruksi; Anda memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami penyakit paru interstisial akibat paparan terhadap polutan sehari-harinya
  • GERD. Jika Anda sering mengalami asam lambung naik atau GERD, Anda memiliki risiko lebih tinggi
  • Merokok. Beberapa kasus penyakit paru interstisial disebabkan oleh kebiasaan merokok, riwayat merokok sebelumnya, dan menjadi perokok pasif. Hal ini juga berhubungan dengan emfisema.
  • Radiasi dan kemoterapi. Menjalani terapi radiasi dan kemoterapi pada daerah dada dapat meningkatkan risiko Anda mengalami penyakit paru interstisial.

 

Gejala

Gejala utama dari penyakit paru interstisial adalah kesulitan bernapas. Selain itu, Anda juga dapat mengalami:

  • Sesak napas
  • Batuk tidak berdahak
  • Penurunan kemampuan berolahraga
  • Merasa lelah setiap saat
  • Penurunan berat badan

 

Diagnosis

Menegakkan diagnosis penyakit paru interstisial dan menentukan penyebabnya merupakan tantangan untuk dokter. Tanda dan gejala dari penyakit paru interstisial juga sering dijumpai di penyakit paru-paru lainnya, sehingga pemeriksaan penunjang perlu dilakukan.

  • Pemeriksaan darah perlu dilakukan untuk mencari antibodi, protein, dan penanda penyakit autoimun lainnya
  • Pemeriksaan radiologi
    • CT scan adalah pemeriksaan radiologi yang digunakan pertama kali jika dokter mencurigai adanya penyakit paru interstisial. CT scan dapat memberikan gambaran lebih rinci mengenai struktur paru-paru dan menentukan luas paru-paru ayng mengalami kerusakan.
    • Echocardiogram adalah pemeriksaan yang digunakan untuk menilai fungsi jantung.
  • Pemeriksaan fungsi paru
    • Spirometri merupakan pemeriksaan yang bertujuan untuk menilai fungsi paru-paru Anda ketika bernapas. Anda akan diminta untuk menarik napas dalam, lalu mengeluarkannya secepat dan sekuat mungkin.
    • Oksimetri merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk menilai kadar oksigen pada pembuluh darah Anda.
  • Pemeriksaan jaringan paru merupakan baku emas penegakan penyakit paru interstisial. Dokter akan mengambil sampel dari paru-paru Anda menggunaakn beberapa teknik, antara lain bronkoskopi, bronchoalveolar lavage, atau biopsi surgikal.

 

Tata Laksana

Pengobatan penyakit paru interstisial bertujuan untuk menjaga fungsi paru yang tersisa dan menghentikan progresi penyakit. Pengobatan akan bergantung pada banyak faktor, termasuk penyebab penyakit dan derajat keparahannya. Pilihan terapi tersebut antara lain:

  • Obat-obatan dapat membantu menghentikan proses peradangan pada paru. Obat-obatan tersebut antara lain adalah obat antiinflamasi (steroid), obat reumatologi, dan obat penghambat fibrosis.
  • Terapi oksigen dapat membantu meningkatkan kadar oksigen di dalam darah Anda. Oksigen ini akan dialirkan dari tabung ke paru-paru Anda menggunakan selang, sehingga Anda dapat bernapas dengan lebih mudah.
  • Rehabilitasi paru adalah sekumpulan latihan dan modifikasi yang bertujuan untuk melatih paru-paru Anda bernapas dengan optimal. Fokus dari program ini adalah untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh dan paru, melakukan teknik pernapasan yang efektif, dukungan emosional, dan perubahan diet.
  • Transplantasi paru dilakukan untuk orang-orang dengan penyakit paru interstisial yang berat.

Tidak ada obat-obatan yang dapat menyembuhkan penyakit paru interstisial. Ketika perubahan jaringan parut telah terjadi, kondisi ini tidak dapat dikembalikan.

 

Komplikasi

Penyakit paru interstisial dapat menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi berbahaya, antara lain:

  • Tekanan darah tinggi pada paru (hipertensi pulmonal). Tidak seperti tekanan darah yang selama ini Anda ketahui, kondisi ini hanya mempengaruhi aliran darah di paru-paru dan jantung. Hal ini disebabkan oleh perubahan struktur paru menjadi jaringan parut yang kaku, sehingga meningkatkan tekanan pada pembuluh darah yang mengarah ke paru-paru.
  • Cor pulmonale. Cor pulmonale adalah gagal jantung kanan, di mana ventrikel kanan jantung perlu melawan tekanan pada paru-paru, sehingga menjadi lebih tebal. Ventrikel kanan berfungsi untuk menampung darah dari seluruh tubuh, sehingga penebalan yang terjadi pada struktur ini akan menghambat aliran darah masuk ke jantung dan terjadi gagal jantung kanan.
  • Gagal napas. Gagal napas merupakan tahap akhir dari penyakit paru interstisial. Gagal napas disebabkan oleh rendahnya kadar oksigen di dalam darah.

 

Pencegahan

Penyakit paru interstisial yang disebabkan oleh genetik tidak dapat dicegah. Namun, Anda dapat menurunkan risiko mengalami penyakit paru interstisial dengan mengontrol penyebab lainnya dengan langkah-langkah berikut:

  • Gunakan pelindung wajah seperti respirator ketika terpapar dengan zat berbahaya, seperti asbestos, logam, dan zat kimia
  • Berhenti merokok
  • Vaksinasi flu dan pneumonia untuk mencegah penyakit infeksi

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Banyak kondisi paru-paru lain yang menimbulkan gejala mirip dengan penyakit paru interstisial. Anda perlu berkonsultasi dengan dokter Anda dan melakukan beberapa pemeriksaan untuk dapat menegakkan diagnosis ini. Namun, gejala di atas dapat menjadi salah satu tanda proses penyakit paru interstisial telah terjadi.

 

Mau tahu info seputar penyakit lainnya, kunjungi Healthpedia!

 

 

Writer : Tannia Sembiring S Ked
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Selasa, 15 Maret 2022 | 07:37

Antoine M, Mlika M. Interstitial Lung Disease. [Updated 2021 Aug 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541084/

Cattamanchi A. (2022). Interstitial Lung Disease. Healthline. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/interstitial-lung-disease#types

Cleveland Clinic. (2018). Interstitial Lung Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17809-interstitial-lung-disease

John Hopkins Medicine. Interstitial Lung Disease: Pulmonary Fibrosis. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/interstitial-lung-disease-pulmonary-fibrosis

Mayo Clinic. (2017). Interstitial Lung Disease. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353108

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new13.18msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 5669 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5669
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.09msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new151msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-09 12:30:43' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-09 12:30:43
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new6.74msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 305 where `id` = 2990
      Bindings
      • 0: 305
      • 1: 2990
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new5.25msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2990, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-09 12:30:43', '2025-04-09 12:30:43')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2990
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-09 12:30:43
      • 8: 2025-04-09 12:30:43
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new800μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 26 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 26
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6142 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6142
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1137 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1137
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.22msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8429 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8429
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7147 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7147
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3695 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3695
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7906 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7906
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8699 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8699
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9586 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9586
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3293 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3293
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2796 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2796
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.2msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2906 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2906
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3263 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3263
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new670μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new620μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new850μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    91Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        RCcVnMg3LkXwzw0cRUZxntALD9ei6UOHcebXYgVG
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/interstitial-lung-disease" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/interstitial-lung-disease
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "RCcVnMg3LkXwzw0cRUZxntALD9ei6UOHcebXYgVG" "laravel_session" => "gvAwAmHfHNg5LvaLkNM8LxEYYtpMnrRbFy3N9cUn" ]
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