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  • Ketahui Perbedaan Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) dan In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Ketahui Perbedaan Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) dan In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Ketahui Perbedaan Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) dan In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Credits: Freepik

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Kehamilan ternyata tidak selalu mudah bagi semua orang, beberapa pasangan tertentu harus berusaha ekstra agar bisa hamil. Beberapa usaha ekstra tersebut bahkan termasuk menjalani program intrauterine insemination (IUI) dan/atau in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Apa perbedaannya?

 

Mengenal Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) adalah salah satu jenis inseminasi buatan di mana sperma yang telah dicuci dan dipekatkan ditempatkan langsung di dalam rahim selama proses ovulasi. Prosedur ini membantu sperma sehat lebih dekat ke sel telur ketika dilepaskan oleh indung telur.

IUI membantu meningkatkan peluang kehamilan terutama bagi pasangan yang mengalami masalah infertilitas seperti endometriosis, jumlah dan kualitas sperma yang rendah, problem pada serviks, ejakulasi dini, alergi semen atau problem infertilitas lain yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya.

Prosedur IUI berlangsung kurang lebih selama 28 hari, yang digambarkan sebagai berikut:

  • Pemeriksaan riwayat kesehatan pasangan, termasuk tes darah, analisis air manis, USG dan pemeriksaan lainnya
  • Konsumsi obat kesuburan oral yang dilakukan selama lima hari atau obat suntik hingga dua minggu untuk meningkatkan peluang ovulasi dan melepaskan banyak telur
  • Proses memasukkan sperma ke dalam rahim melalui kateter selama ovulasi, yang biasanya memakan waktu kurang lebih 15 menit
  • Pemeriksaan kehamilan setelah dua minggu proses inseminasi dilakukan

Kelebihan IUI dibandingkan IVF

  • IUI berbeda dari IVF, karena pada prosedur IUI pembuahan terjadi di dalam tuba falopi
  • IUI menggunakan metode yang kurang invasif dibandingkan IVF
  • IUI memakan waktu proses yang lebih cepat
  • IUI jauh lebih murah dibandingkan IVF

 

Mengenal In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)

In-vitro fertilization (IVF) atau dikenal dengan istilah bayi tabung adalah jenis teknologi reproduksi berbantuan di mana sperma dan sel telur dibuahi di luar tubuh. Prosesnya cukup kompleks, yang dimulai dengan pengambilan sel telur dari ovarium dan menggabungkannya secara manual dengan sperma di laboratorium untuk pembuahan. Beberapa hari setelah pembuahan, sel telur yang telah dibuahi akan ditempatkan di dalam rahim sehingga kehamilan terjadi.

Proses fertilisasi in-vitro ini dibagi menjadi 5 tahapan, di antaranya:

  • Stimulasi - yaitu proses memberikan obat untuk meningkatkan produksi sel telur
  • Pemanenan sel telur - yaitu proses untuk memanen sel telur dari tubuh wanita, yang dilakukan melalui operasi kecil yang disebut aspirasi folikular, bertujuan untuk mengeluarkan sel telur dari tubuh.
  • Inseminasi dan pembuahan - sperma dipertemukan dengan sel telur yang paling berkualitas, di mana proses ini disebut inseminasi. Sel telur dan sperma kemudian disimpan di dalam ruang khusus yang dikontrol suhunya, sehingga sperma bisa membuahi sel telur selama beberapa jam setelah inseminasi. Bila kemungkinan pembuahan rendah, sperma akan langsung disuntikkan ke dalam sel telur di mana proses ini disebut dengan istilah injeksi sperma intracytoplasmic (ICSI).
  • Kultur embrio - ketika sel telur yang dibuahi membelah dan menjadi embrio, secara teratur embrio akan diperiksa dan dipastikan tumbuh dengan baik. Dalam waktu sekitar 5 hari, embrio normal akan memiliki beberapa sel aktif yang membelah. Di sini, penyaringan materi genetik tertentu dilakukan terutama bila ditemukan adanya kelainan.
  • Transfer embrio - embrio akan ditanamkan di dalam rahim melalui proses kateter. Anda bisa menanamkan lebih dari satu embrio untuk mendapatkan kehamilan kembar sesuai jumlah anak yang diinginkan.

Keseluruhan proses IVF memakan waktu setidaknya selama 4-6 minggu, jauh lebih lama bila dibandingkan dengan inseminasi buatan. Namun, peluang keberhasilan IVF jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan IUI. Prosedur IVF juga memungkinkan Anda memilih sel embrio terbaik sehingga bayi yang dilahirkan tidak memiliki problem kelainan atau kecacatan.

Untuk mendapatkan prosedur IUI maupun IVF, Anda bisa mendiskusikan dengan dokter kandungan Anda baik tentang persiapan, biaya, maupun risiko yang harus dihadapi. Masing-masing prosedur memiliki kelebihan maupun kekurangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan dengan baik, terutama terkait tingkat keberhasilan kehamilan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 00:32

Cleveland Clinic (2022). What’s the Difference Between IVF and IUI?. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/iui-vs-ivf/

John Hopkins Medicine. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) Treatment. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gynecology_obstetrics/specialty_areas/fertility-center/infertility-services/intrauterine-insemination.html

Cleveland Clinic (2022). IUI (Intrauterine Insemination). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22456-iui-intrauterine-insemination

Cleveland Clinic (2022). IVF (In Vitro Fertilization). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22457-ivf

Medline Plus (2020). In vitro fertilization (IVF). Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm

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        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10110 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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