Ketahui Gangguan pada Air Ketuban dan Bahayanya Bagi Ibu dan Bayi

Ketahui Gangguan pada Air Ketuban dan Bahayanya Bagi Ibu dan Bayi
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Saat di dalam rahim, janin berada di dalam kantung ketuban yang berisi cairan ketuban. Air ketuban ini berfungsi untuk melindungi janin khususnya dari benturan.

Normalnya, pada usia kehamilan 34 minggu ada sekitar 800ml air ketuban di dalam rahim. Dan jumlahnya akan semakin berkurang seiring bertambahnya usia kehamilan. Di usia kehamilan 40 minggu, air ketuban berkurang hingga 600ml.

 

Mengenal Air Ketuban dan Manfaatnya Bagi Janin

Air ketuban adalah cairan bening agak kekuningan yang mengelilingi janin yang belum lahir selama kehamilan. Air ini berada bersama janin di dalam kantung ketuban.

Pada awalnya, cairan ketuban hanya terdiri dari air dari tubuh ibu. Secara bertahap, proporsi yang lebih besar berasal dari urin janin.

Air ketuban mengandung nutrisi penting, hormon dan antibodi yang dapat membantu dan melindungi janin dari benturan dan cedera. Walaupun bermanfaat, jumlahnya tidak boleh berlebihan atau kekurangan.

Air ketuban memiliki beberapa manfaat bagi janin, di antaranya:

  • Membantu janin yang sedang berkembang, bergerak di dalam rahim dan memungkinkan pertumbuhan tulang yang tepat
  • Membantu paru-paru dan sistem pencernaan berkembang dengan baik
  • Mencegah tekanan pada tali pusat
  • Membantu mempertahankan suhu konstan dan melindungi dari kehilangan panas tubuh pada janin
  • Melindungi janin dari cedera luar dan menahan benturan atau gerakan tiba-tiba
  • Membantu mencegah infeksi karena mengandung antibodi

Mendekati waktu persalinan, kantung ketuban akan robek dan cairannya akan bocor melalui serviks dan vagina. Di saat inilah Anda sebaiknya segera pergi ke klinik bersalin/rumah sakit bersalin untuk menunggu pembukaan atau tindakan selanjutnya.

 

Gangguan yang bisa Terjadi pada Air Ketuban

Memiliki sekian banyak manfaat bukan berarti semakin banyak air ketuban maka semakin baik, karena air ketuban yang terlalu banyak atau terlalu sedikit akan membawa masalah tersendiri bagi ibu dan janin.

Oligohidramnion

Oligohidramnion adalah ketika tingkat cairan ketuban sangat rendah, yang kondisi ini dapat dilihat melalui USG. Terlalu sedikitnya cairan ketuban umumnya disebabkan oleh adanya kebocoran atau robekan pada selaput ketuban, yang biasanya ditandai dengan gerakan janin yang berkurang.

Oligohidramnion juga dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi kesehatan ibu, di antaranya:

  • Kehamilan dengan hambatan pertumbuhan
  • Adanya tekanan darah tinggi kronis
  • Adanya masalah dengan plasenta, seperti abrupsi plasenta
  • Preeklamsia
  • Riwayat diabetes
  • Lupus
  • Kehamilan kembar
  • Adanya kecacatan pada janin misalnya ginjal yang tidak normal
  • Persalinan yang lewat jatuh tempo

Terlalu sedikitnya air ketuban adalah masalah yang sangat serius terutama di 6 bulan pertama usia kehamilan, karena berisiko menyebabkan kecacatan pada janin, keguguran, kelahiran prematur atau janin lahir mati.

Polihidramnion

Polihidramnion adalah ketika terlalu banyak cairan ketuban yang ada di dalam rahim. Polihidramnion biasanya disertai dengan beberapa gejala yang ringan hingga parah. Gejala yang parah dapat menyebabkan beberapa hal berikut:

  • Sesak napas, kesulitan bernapas
  • Pembengkakan di bagian bawah tubuh dan di dinding perut
  • Rasa tidak nyaman pada perut dan adanya kontraksi
  • Janin dalam posisi sungsang

Polihidramnion umumnya disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, di antaranya:

  • Cacat lahir yang memengaruhi saluran pencernaan atau sistem saraf pusat janin
  • Diabetes yang dialami ibu
  • Komplikasi pada janin kembar
  • Kekurangan darah pada janin (anemia janin)
  • Ketidakcocokan golongan darah ibu dan janin
  • Infeksi saat kehamilan

Kekurangan maupun kelebihan cairan ketuban dapat diketahui melalui pemeriksaan USG, tes darah, maupun amniocentesis. Pada kasus kelebihan cairan ketuban, Anda mungkin akan diberikan pengobatan dan prosedur pengurangan kelebihan air ketuban. Sedangkan pada kasus kekurangan air ketuban, Anda mungkin akan direkomendasikan untuk menjalani persalinan caesar. Untuk mencegah gangguan pada air ketuban, patuhi saran dokter, periksakan kehamilan sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan oleh dokter.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 23:49

Lori Smith, MSN, BSN, WHNP-BC (2018). What's to know about amniotic fluid?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/307082

Karthik Kumar, MBBS (2021). What Is Amniotic Fluid in Pregnancy?. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/what_is_amniotic_fluid_in_pregnancy/article.htm

Mount Sinai. Amniotic fluid. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/special-topic/amniotic-fluid

Mayo Clinic (2020). Polyhydramnios. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polyhydramnios/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20368494

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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3619 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3619
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6906
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3148 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3148
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1173 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1173
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1929 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10072
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10068
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10005
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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