Ini Perbedaan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar dan Motorik Halus

Ini Perbedaan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar dan Motorik Halus
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Keterampilan motorik memungkinkan anak melakukan gerakan aktivitas sehari-hari. Mempelajari keterampilan ini dapat menjadi bagian penting dari perkembangan anak.

Keterampilan motorik dibedakan menjadi dua, keterampilan motorik halus dan keterampilan motorik kasar. Apa perbedaannya?

 

Keterampilan Motorik Kasar, Apakah Itu?

Keterampilan motorik kasar adalah keterampilan yang digunakan untuk menggerakkan lengan, kaki, dada secara fungsional. Keterampilan ini melibatkan pergerakan otot-otot besar di dalam tubuh.

Gerakan motorik kasar lebih luas dan energik dibandingkan gerakan motorik halus. Gerakan tersebut makin bertambah rumit seiring bertambahnya umur, di antaranya:

Usia 3-6 bulan

  • Mengangkat lengan dan kaki saat diletakkan di atas perut
  • Berguling
  • Menopang kepala sendiri saat posisi duduk

Usia 6-12 bulan

  • Merangkak
  • Berusaha berdiri dari posisi duduk
  • Duduk secara mandiri tanpa bantuan penyangga

Usia 1 tahun

  • Naik ke sofa atau furnitur lainnya
  • Memanjat tangga dengan bantuan
  • Menarik atau mendorong mainan yang memiliki roda
  • Berjalan dengan satu tangan dipegang

Usia 2 tahun

  • Melompat menggunakan dua kaki secara bersamaan
  • Berjalan dengan berjinjit
  • Naik tangga tanpa berpegangan

Usia 3 tahun

  • Mengendarai sepeda roda tiga dengan menggunakan pedal tanpa dibantu orang dewasa
  • Berlari tanpa terjatuh
  • Melempar bola ke orang dewasa yang berjarak sekitar 5 kaki

Usia 4 tahun

  • Menangkap bola dengan lengan dan tubuh
  • Berjalan lancar dengan adanya perubahan kecepatan
  • Berjalan naik tangga dengan kaki bergantian

Usia 5 tahun

  • Menangkap bola dengan kedua tangan
  • Melompat dengan satu kaki
  • Melakukan jumping jack
  • Mampu meraih atau menyentuh jari kaki
  • Berjalan naik turun tangga sambil membawa benda

Usia 6 tahun

  • Menendang bola yang berguling
  • Melompati benda setinggi 25 cm
  • Mengendarai sepeda roda dua dengan bantuan roda latihan
  • Melempar secara akurat

 

Baca Juga: Manfaat Bermain Push Bike untuk Anak

 

Keterampilan Motorik Halus, Apakah Itu?

Keterampilan motorik halus melibatkan ketangkasan dan koordinasi gerakan jari serta mata. Keterampilan ini cenderung lebih banyak melibatkan otot-otot kecil.

Usia 0-3 bulan

  • Menggunakan lengan untuk memegang atau memukul sebuah benda
  • Mengamati tangan yang bergerak dan mengarahkannya ke mulut

Usia 3-6 bulan

  • Berusaha memindahkan barang dari tangan satu ke tangan lainnya
  • Memegang kedua tangan bersamaan
  • Meraih mainan menggunakan lengan

Usia 6-9 bulan

  • Meremas benda
  • Menggenggam dan memegang objek seperti mainan dan botol
  • Memindahkan objek dengan jari

Usia 9-12 bulan

  • Mulai menunjukkan tangan dominan
  • Menempatkan benda-benda kecil ke dalam wadah yang lebih besar
  • Membalik halaman buku
  • Menggenggam dan menjepit menggunakan ibu jari dan telunjuk
  • Memasukkan makanan dengan jari ke dalam mulut

Usia 12-18 bulan

  • Membangun menara dengan menggunakan 2 balok
  • Menyendok mainan atau makanan
  • Bertepuk tangan
  • Melakukan coretan dengan krayon atau pensil warna di atas kertas
  • Melambaikan tangan selamat tinggal

Usia 18-24 bulan

  • Mulai memegang pensil dengan ujung jari dan ibu jari
  • Membangun menara hingga setinggi 3-4 balok
  • Membuka wadah bungkus yang longgar secara mandiri
  • Membalikkan halaman satu per satu
  • Memasukkan cincin ke dalam tongkat dengan tepat

Usia 2 tahun

  • Menyusun menara balok hingga 9 balok
  • Membuka pegangan pintu sendiri
  • Mencuci tangan secara mandiri
  • Membuka dan menutup resleting berukuran besar
  • Bermain dengan play dough

Usia 3 tahun

  • Melipat kertas
  • Menggambar lingkaran setelah melihat contoh
  • Mengancingkan dan membuka kancing berukuran besar

Usia 4 tahun

  • Membuka baju dan mengenakan baju secara mandiri tanpa bantuan
  • Menyentuh ujung jari setiap jari tangan
  • Menggunakan garpu dengan benar

Usia 5 tahun

  • Memotong model lingkaran dengan baik
  • Meniru gambar segitiga
  • Meraih dan menggunakan pensil dengan benar
  • Mengikat tali sepatu

Usia 6 tahun

  • Membangun menara atau bangunan sederhana dari balok
  • Merangkai 16-20 potongan puzzle
  • Memotong dengan baik menggunakan gunting
  • Menggunakan pisau untuk memotong buah atau sayur

 

Baca Juga: Permainan Menyusun Balok Punya Manfaat bagi Perkembangan Anak Balita

 

Beberapa anak mungkin mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan baik keterampilan motorik halus maupun motorik kasar. Bila Anda mengamati adanya keterlambatan perkembangan pada anak, bawa anak untuk berkonsultasi ke dokter dan mengejar keterlambatannya.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 05:13

Darienne Hoslet Stewart. Toys that boost physical development (ages 5 to 8). Available from: https://www.babycenter.com/child/development/toys-that-boost-physical-development-ages-5-to-8_3659023

Terri Mauro (2022). Fine and Gross Motor Skills in Children. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-are-motor-skills-3107058

Francesca Whiting. What’s the difference between fine motor and gross motor skills?. Available from: https://www.babycentre.co.uk/x6562/whats-the-difference-between-fine-motor-and-gross-motor-skills

 

Ann Logsdon (2022). Gross Motor Skill Development and Delays in Childhood. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-are-gross-motor-skills-2162137

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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