Medication Overuse Headache

Medication Overuse Headache
Jangan berlebihan mengonsumsi obat antinyeri untuk mengatasi sakit kepala Anda.

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Definisi

Medication overuse headache (MOH) atau rebound headache adalah sakit kepala yang disebabkan oleh pemakaian obat-obatan yang rutin dan lama untuk mengatasi nyeri kepala yang sebelumnya diderita.

MOH juga didefinisikan sebagai sakit kepala yang terjadi selama ≥15 hari setiap bulannya pada pasien sakit kepala, terutama terjadi karena pemakaian ≥1 obat untuk mengatasi gejala sakit kepala selama 3 bulan atau lebih. Sakit kepala yang terjadi tidak disebabkan oleh kondisi medis lain. MOH sering ditemukan pada orang-orang paruh baya dan wanita, dengan rasio pasien wanita dan pria 3:1. 

 

Penyebab

Obat antinyeri umumnya aman bila hanya dikonsumsi selama beberapa hari di setiap bulannya. Namun, pemakaian obat antinyeri dengan dosis tinggi secara teratur pada pasien sakit kepala bisa meningkatkan risiko terjadinya medication overuse headache, seperti lingkaran setan.

Sakit kepala bisa timbul kembali saat efek obat antinyeri mulai hilang. Gejala withdrawal atau putus obat juga bisa muncul. Tanda withdrawal yang paling sering adalah sakit kepala yang semakin memburuk, bisa disertai dengan mual dan keluhan tidur.

Ada orang-orang yang terus meminum obat antinyeri untuk mengatasi keluhan-keluhan ini. Kebiasaan mengonsumsi obat secara berlebihan semakin lama akan menyebabkan timbulnya nyeri yang lebih sering.

Alasan mengapa pemakaian obat sakit kepala secara berlebihan bisa menimbulkan sakit kepala baru masih belum diketahui dengan pasti. Di bawah ini adalah obat-obatan yang berpotensi untuk menyebabkan medication overuse headache:

  • Obat Antinyeri Biasa

Obat antinyeri yang sering dipakai seperti asetaminofen atau parasetamol bisa berpotensi menyebabkan MOH, terutama bila Anda mengonsumsi obat ini melebihi dosis harian yang direkomendasikan. 

Anda bisa membaca artikel obat parasetamol atau asetaminofen di sini: Obat Parasetamol/Asetaminofen - Cara Kerja, Kontraindikasi, Efek samping.

 

  • Obat Antinyeri Kombinasi

Obat dengan kombinasi senyawa untuk mengatasi nyeri seperti kafein, aspirin, dan asetaminofen menjadi salah satu penyebab medication overuse headache yang sering ditemui.

Anda bisa membaca artikel obat aspirin di sini: Obat Aspirin - Cara Kerja, Kontraindikasi, Efek samping.

 

  • Obat Migrain

Beberapa obat-obatan untuk mengatasi sakit kepala migrain dihubungkan dengan medication overuse headache, seperti obat triptan dan ergotamine. Obat-obatan ini memiliki risiko derajat sedang untuk menyebabkan kondisi ini.

 

  • Opioid

Opioid adalah kelas obat yang bekerja pada reseptor opioid di otak, memiliki efek sedatif dan antinyeri. Kelompok obat opioid memiliki risiko tinggi menyebabkan medication overuse headache.

Salau satu obat opioid adalah kodein, Anda bisa membaca artikel obat tersebut di sini: Obat Codeine - Cara Kerja, Kontraindikasi, Efek samping.

 

  • Kafein

Konsumsi obat yang mengandung kafein lebih dari 200 mg per hari bisa berpotensi menimbulkan MOH.

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor yang bisa meningkatkan risiko terjadinya medication overuse headache meliputi:

  • Riwayat nyeri kepala kronis (sudah terjadi lama) seperti migrain, sakit kepala klaster atau tension-type headache, meningkatkan risiko Anda untuk mengalami medication overuse headache.
  • Penggunaan kombinasi obat nyeri kepala yang sering selama 10 hari atau lebih per bulan, terutama jika hal ini berlanjut selama ≥3 bulan.

 

Gejala

Lokasi, ciri dan keparahan dari gejala medication overuse headaches dapat berbeda-beda pada setiap individu, tergantung jenis sakit kepala yang sebelumnya diderita serta obat yang dulu dikonsumsi. Sakit kepala bisa terjadi setiap hari atau hampir setiap hari, dan nyeri yang dirasakan bisa membangunkan Anda di pagi hari. Selain itu, walaupun sakit kepala akan membaik dengan obat antinyeri, keluhan akan kembali muncul lagi setelah efek obat hilang.

Sakit kepala yang dirasakan juga bisa disertai keluhan lain seperti:

  • Mual
  • Gelisah
  • Sulit berkonsentrasi
  • Gangguan memori
  • Iritabel

 

Diagnosis

Dokter biasanya dapat mendiagnosis medication overuse headache berdasarkan keluhan sakit kepala Anda serta adanya riwayat pemakaian obat antinyeri lebih dari 2-3 hari per minggu. Biasanya pemeriksaan tambahan tidak diperlukan. Umumnya, pemeriksaan penunjang akan dipertimbangkan untuk menghilangkan kecurigaan adanya penyakit lain yang mungkin menyebabkan sakit kepala, terutama bila ada perubahan pada sakit kepala yang dirasakan.

 

Tata Laksana

Pengobatan yang dilakukan adalah untuk menghentikan konsumsi obat yang diminum dalam dosis tinggi. Walaupun awalnya akan ada periode perburukan sakit kepala karena obat dihentikan, seiring waktu keluhan sakit kepala akan membaik. Gejala withdrawal atau putus obat dapat dialami selama 2 sampai 10 hari, walaupun keluhan dapat menetap sampai beberapa minggu.

Dokter akan menentukan apakah obat yang dikonsumsi berlebihan harus seluruhnya dihentikan mendadak, atau diturunkan dulu dosisnya secara perlahan. Dokter dapat meresepkan beberapa terapi untuk membantu meringankan nyeri kepala dan efek samping akibat withdrawal

 

Komplikasi

Medication overuse headache dapat memperburuk nyeri kepala kronis yang sudah ada dan menurunkan kualitas hidup penderitanya. Kondisi ini bisa menimbulkan kecemasan sampai depresi karena pasien bisa menganggap bahwa obat-obatan yang sudah dikonsumsi tidak bisa sepenuhnya menghilangkan sakit kepala yang dirasakan.

 

Pencegahan

Untuk membantu mencegah medication overuse headache, bila Anda mengalami sakit kepala, konsumsilah obat antinyeri sesuai dengan resep dokter. Jangan mengonsumsi obat antinyeri secara berlebihan. Anda juga bisa melakukan hal berikut untuk membantu mencegah timbulnya nyeri kepala:

  • Menghindari Pencetus Nyeri Kepala

Jika Anda tidak yakin mengenai pencetus nyeri kepala Anda, buatlah diari nyeri kepala dengan penjelasan detail untuk setiap nyeri kepala yang terjadi. Hal ini bisa membantu Anda untuk melihat pola timbulnya nyeri kepala dan kemungkinan hal yang menjadi penyebab nyeri.

  • Istirahat Cukup

Tidur dan bangun pada waktu yang sama setiap harinya, termasuk saat akhir pekan. Kurangi stres dan cobalah untuk tetap positif.

  • Jangan Melewati Waktu Makan

Mulai hari Anda dengan sarapan yang sehat. Anda juga bisa makan siang dan makan malam di waktu yang sama setiap harinya. Pastikan juga untuk meminum banyak air putih dan menghindari minuman yang mengandung kafein.

  • Olahraga Teratur

Aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan secara akan menyebabkan tubuh mengeluarkan zat kimia yang menghambat sinyal nyeri ke otak. Pilihlah aktivitas yang Anda senangi dengan persetujuan dokter, seperti berjalan, berenang, atau bersepeda.

  • Menjaga Berat Badan Ideal

Obesitas dapat berkontribusi pada terjadinya nyeri kepala. Oleh karena itu, Anda perlu untuk menjaga berat badan tetap ideal dan jika perlu carilah program untuk menurunkan berat badan.

  • Berhenti Merokok

Jika Anda merokok, berkonsultasilah ke dokter untuk program berhenti merokok. Rokok dikaitkan dengan risiko medication overuse headache yang lebih tinggi.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Nyeri kepala yang terjadi pada satu waktu adalah hal yang wajar. Namun penting untuk tidak menyepelekan nyeri kepala karena ada nyeri kepala yang bisa disebabkan oleh kondisi medis serius dan mengancam nyawa.

Anda harus mencari pertolongan medis segera jika nyeri kepala Anda:

  • Terasa sangat sakit dan timbul tiba-tiba.
  • Sakit kepala dibarengi dengan gejala demam, penurunan kesadaran, kelemahan anggota gerak, atau kesulitan bicara.
  • Timbul setelah cedera kepala.
  • Nyeri semakin memburuk meskipun sudah istirahat dan mengonsumsi obat nyeri sesuai petunjuk dokter.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 14 Agustus 2024 | 04:46

Medication overuse headaches - Symptoms and causes. (2020). Retrieved 16 September 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/medication-overuse-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20377083.

Migraine, A., migraine, T., & headache, M. Medication overuse headache - The Migraine Trust. Retrieved 16 September 2022, from https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/medication-overuse-headache/.

Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF. (2016). Retrieved 16 September 2022, from https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new125msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-07 14:03:59' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-07 14:03:59
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new7.6msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 806 where `id` = 5030
      Bindings
      • 0: 806
      • 1: 5030
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new9.82msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 5030, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 14:03:59', '2025-04-07 14:03:59')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 5030
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-07 14:03:59
      • 8: 2025-04-07 14:03:59
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new690μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 31 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1192 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1192
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 300 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 300
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new630μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9005 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9005
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.92msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5365 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5365
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2298 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2298
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8691 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8691
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1571 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1571
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5118 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5118
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1638 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1638
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5014 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5014
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5129 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5129
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4986 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4986
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new700μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new590μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new930μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    34Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        Y2ZhD6ASKOSBXe2JwpqZkzlzoE0SDXiOmVK2pQJk
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/medication-overuse-headache" ...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/medication-overuse-headache
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:19 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.144.8.165" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.144.8.165" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
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