Codeine

Codeine
Credit: E-Catalogue LKPP.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Codikaf, Codeine Phosphate Hemihydrate, Coditam

 

Cara Kerja

Mekanisme kerja dari obat ini terdiri dari cara, yaitu:

  1. Codeine akan berikatan pada reseptor opioid (antinyeri) di otak dan mengubah persepsi serta respon terhadap nyeri.
  2. Obat ini juga menekan pusat batuk yang terdapat sistem saraf pusat (medula, bagian dari batang otak) dan memberikan efek kering pada lapisan mukosa (selaput lendir) di saluran pernapasan.

 

Indikasi

Codeine biasanya diberikan pada kondisi-kondisi berikut sesuai anjuran dokter, yaitu:

  • Untuk meredakan nyeri derajat ringan-sedang yang sudah berlangsung lama, biasanya diberikan pada pasien-pasien penyakit kanker.
  • Mengurangi gejala batuk terutama batuk kering
  • Meredakan diare yang berlangsung terus-menerus (persisten)

 

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat beberapa kondisi medis yang menjadi kontraindikasi pemberian obat codeine, yaitu:

  • Asma akut atau asma derajat berat
  • Gagal organ hati
  • Pasien dalam keadaan koma
  • Ileus paralitik, otot saluran cerna tidak bisa berkontraksi untuk menggerakkan makanan
  • Trauma kepala
  • Peningkatan tekanan dalam otak
  • Anak yang berusia kurang dari 12 tahun
  • Anak usia < 18 tahun pasca menjalani operasi pengangkatan kelenjar tonsil dan adenoid
  • Anak usia 12-18 tahun yang memiliki riwayat gangguan saluran napas
  • Ibu menyusui

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang paling sering terjadi dari konsumsi codeine antara lain:

  • Mual dan muntah
  • Mulut kering
  • BAB keras (konstipasi)
  • Sulit berkonsentrasi dan kebingungan
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Menimbulkan kantuk
  • Pusing beputar
  • Kram perut

Terdapat juga efek samping serius yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan obat ini, yaitu:

  • Mengalami kekakuan pada otot
  • Tekanan darah rendah (hipotensi) yang ditandai dengan gejala pusing, lemas dan lelah

Efek samping fatal dan dapat mengancam yaitu adanya gangguan pernapasan seperti kesulitan bernapas atau sesak. Cari pengobatan ke fasilitas kesehatan segera bila muncul efek samping berat seperti yang sudah disebutkan di atas.

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet atau kapsul (10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg).

 

Dosis

Nyeri derajat ringan-sedang

  • Dewasa
    • Dosis awal 15 - 60 mg setiap 4 jam
    • Dosis maksimal 360 mg per hari
  • Anak usia > 12 tahun
    • Dosis sesuai dengan berat badan yaitu 0,5 - 1 mg/kgBB yang diberikan setiap 6 jam
    • Dosis maksimal 240 mg per hari
  • Pada lansia mungkin dosis obat perlu dikurangi

Batuk 

  • Dewasa, dosis obat 15 - 30 mg diminum 3 - 4 kali sehari
  • Pada lansia dosis perlu disesuaikan dengan kondisi pasien

Diare akut 

  • Dewasa, dosis sebesar 30 mg setiap 3 - 4 kali sehari

 

Keamanan

Obat ini merupakan obat opioid, sehingga penggunaannya harus sesuai anjuran dokter. Obat ini hanya digunakan dalam jangka pendek saja karena berpotensi menimbulkan kecanduan.

Obat ini termasuk kategori C jika digunakan untuk ibu hamil. Artinya, obat ini pada hewan percoban dapat menimbulkan efek buruk pada janin. Penelitian obat ini pada ibu hamil secara langsung tidak dilakukan. Obat ini tidak boleh diberikan pada ibu menyusui karena obat dapat terserap ke dalam ASI. Sehingga obat ini tidak direkomendasikan diberikan kepada ibu hamil atau menyusui.

 

Interaksi obat

Obat ini dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya efek samping seperti gangguan pernapasan atau konstipasi bila diberikan bersama:

  • Obat golongan benzodiazepin yang biasanya diberikan untuk mengatasi gangguan kecemasan, insomnia, dll.
  • Obat antialergi
  • Interaksi dengan cimetidin dapat meningkatkan kadar codeine dalam darah
  • Obat antidiare dan antikolinergik (obat yang memiliki banyak efek dan digunakan pada pengobatan beragam penyakit seperti penyakit parkinson, gangguan psikiatri, dll.)

Efektivitas obat yang digunakan untuk meredakan gejala muntah seperti domperidone atau metoclopramide bisa menurun bila berinteraksi dengan codeine.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 18:49

Codeine – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 18 June 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/codeine?mtype=generic

Pheecakara, PV., Gupta, M. (2022). Codeine (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526029/

 

Codein – NHS. nhs.uk. (2022). Retrieved 18 June 2022, from https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/codeine/

Codein (Oral Route) – MayoClinci. mayoclinic.org. (2022). Retrieved 18 June 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/codeine-oral-route/description/drg-20074022

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8506 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8506
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 335 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1497 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2831 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2831
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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