Analisis Hemoglobin

Analisis Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin merupakan komponen utama dari sel darah merah (atau disebut dengan eritrosit).

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Definisi

Hemoglobin merupakan komponen utama dari sel darah merah (eritrosit). Hemoglobin sendiri memberikan warna khas merah darah serta mengandung zat besi yang membantu darah dalam mengikat oksigen. Selain itu, hemoglobin bertanggung jawab dalam membuat sel darah merah untuk membawa oksigen dari paru-paru ke jaringan dan organ seluruh tubuh.

Kadar hemoglobin dapat menunjukkan kesehatan sel darah merah. Mengetahui tingkat dari hemoglobin dapat membantu petugas kesehatan atau dokter dalam mendiagnosis adanya gangguan darah atau kondisi lain. Analisis hemoglobin merupakan pemeriksaan jumlah hemoglobin di dalam darah. Analisis ini biasanya digunakan untuk mendiagnosis anemia, dimana penyakit ini merupakan kondisi kekurangan hemoglobin atau sel darah merah yang sehat. Analisis hemoglobin biasanya dilakukan sebagai bagian dari pemeriksaan darah lengkap.

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan hemoglobin biasanya dilakukan sebagai bagian dari pemeriksaan darah rutin. Selain itu pemeriksaan ini juga dilakukan sebagai standar pada pemeriksaan awal dari bayi baru lahir.

Dokter juga akan menyarankan Anda melakukan pemeriksaan ini, jika ditemukan gejala berikut:

  • Mudah lemas
  • Sering pusing
  • Tungkai (tangan dan kaki) dingin
  • Riwayat penyakit keluarga seperti talasemia, anemia sel sabit atau kelainan darah lainnya
  • Malnutrisi akibat pola diet tertentu
  • Infeksi berulang dan lama
  • Kehilangan banyak darah akibat cedera atau tindakan pembedahan

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kontraindikasi khusus terkait pemeriksaan analisis hemoglobin.

 

Persiapan sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan analisis hemoglobin. Pemeriksaan ini tidak mewajibkan Anda puasa sebelumnya. Informasikan pada dokter bila Anda mengonsumsi obat atau makanan tertentu yang dapat memengaruhi pemeriksaan. Pastikan kondisi Anda tenang dan terhidrasi.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Analisis hemoglobin menggunakan sampel darah. Petugas laboratorium akan membersihkan lengan Anda dengan alcohol swab dan mengambil sedikit darah dari pembuluh darah vena di lengan menggunakan spuit steril. Pada bayi, pengambilan darah dilakukan pada tumit.

Bila darah diambil melalui pembuluh darah, permukaan kulit akan dibersihkan dengan antiseptik dan diikat dengan alat khusus (tourniquet) pada area lengan untuk memberikan tekanan dan menyebabkan pembuluh darah membengkak dengan darah. Jarum mengambil sampel akan dimasukkan melalui pembuluh darah (biasanya pada bagian lengan dalam atau siku atau pada bagian punggung tangan) dan darah akan diambil masuk ke dalam vial atau syringe. Setelah prosedur, tourniquet dilepaskan dan bekas area pengambilan darah akan ditutup dengan perban untuk menghentikan pendarahan.

Selanjutnya, darah akan dimasukan ke dalam tabung darah dan diperiksa oleh petugas laboratorium pada mesin khusus. Pemeriksaan ini mungkin akan memakan waktu sehari untuk mendapatkan hasil. Risiko pemeriksaan ini cukup minimal Beberapa orang merasakan nyeri, pusing, dan memar saat pengambilan darah. Namun, hal ini biasanya hilang dengan cepat. Prosedur pemeriksaan ini cukup sederhana dan biasanya akan memakan waktu hingga 10 menit untuk mengambil darah darah dan merapikannya.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Nilai normal dari pemeriksaan analisis hemoglobin pada nilai 12 hingga 17.4 gram per desiliter (g/dL) darah pada orang dewasa. Namun, hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh usia, ras, dan jenis kelamin.

Nilai abnormal jika didapatkan hasil nilai hemoglobin yang lebih rendah atau lebih tinggi dari rentang normal. Faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi gejala dan lingkungan yang dapat menyebabkan nilai abnormal seperti ketinggian tanah, diet, olahraga dan jenis obat yang anda konsumsi.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Normal

Bila hasil analisis hemoglobin Anda masuk ke dalam rentang normal, hal ini menunjukkan kesehatan sel darah merah terjaga dengan baik. Pertahankan kesehatan Anda dengan mengonsumsi makanan bergizi, aktivitas fisik yang cukup, serta pemeriksaan kesehatan yang rutin.

Rendah

Bila hasil analisis hemoglobin Anda lebih rendah dari batas bawah rentang normal, hal ini dapat menunjukkan tubuh kurang menghasilkan sel darah merah yang mencukupi. Kondisi ini mungkin terjadi karena sel darah merah hancur lebih cepat (anemia hemolitik). Jika seseorang kekurangan sel darah merah dalam jangka waktu lama, juga dapat menyebabkan penurunan kadar hemoglobin.

Salah satu penyebab hemoglobin yang rendah yaitu anemia. Hemoglobin yang rendah mungkin pertanda dari defisiensi atau kekurangan zat besi, malnutrisi (seperti kekurangan vitamin B12 atau asam folat), kanker yang memengaruhi darah atau tulang belakang, talasemia, gangguan ginjal, gangguan hati, dan anemia sel sabit, penyakit autoimun, kehilangan darah dari operasi, luka, pendarahaan saat menstruasi atau pendarahan dari saluran cerna.

Tinggi

Bila hasil analisis hemoglobin lebih tinggi dari batas atas rentang normal, hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh:

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Bila hasil pemeriksaan analisis hemoglobin Anda menunjukkan hasil tidak normal, Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter umum untuk mendapatkan diagnosis dan terapi yang sesuai. Bila diperlukan, Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam untuk mendapatkan penanganan dan terapi yang tepat. Dokter mungkin akan menyarankan Anda melakukan pemeriksaan tambahan untuk memastikan diagnosis.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 30 November 2023 | 08:13

Hemoglobin Test. (2022). Retrieved 03 May 2023, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemoglobin-test/about/pac-20385075

Hemoglobin Test. (2022). Retrieved 03 May 2023, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-test/

Hemoglobin Test. (2022). Retrieved 03 May 2023, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17790-hemoglobin-test

Hemoglobin Blood Test. (2021). Retrieved 03 May 2023, from https://www.testing.com/tests/hemoglobin/

What is a Hemoglobin Blood Test?. (2022). Retrieved 03 May 2023, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/hemoglobin-level-test-1942658 

Hemoglobin. (2023). Retrieved 03 May 2023, from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=hemoglobin 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10162 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10162
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4430 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4430
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3226 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3226
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3221 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3221
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9676 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9676
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1122 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1122
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new930μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1109 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1109
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new880μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7639 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7639
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.41msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7480 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7480
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.52msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6285 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6285
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6289 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6289
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7330 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7330
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new980μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new740μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new990μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    251Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        discussion
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        status_text
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        []
        
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "nHaY9WPTp1ZM8aBqO3jl86BC2x5gDWRyMDZ9jnzy" "laravel_session" => "jwGGNnphQaFguGoyaV81ntsvxOZYSyOEKfQ31Qn7" ]
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