Gliclazide

Gliclazide
Gliclazide adalah obat antidiabetes golongan sulfonilurea

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Diamicron, Diamicron MR, Fredam, Glicab, Glidabet, Glikamel, Glucored, Glucodex, Glukolos, Linodiab, Meltika, Nufamicron, Pedab, Tiaglib, Xepabet, Zumadiac.

 

Cara Kerja

Gliclazide adalah obat antidiabetes golongan sulfonilurea, yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2. Penderita diabetes mellitus mengalami gangguan pada tubuh, salah satunya adalah penurunan produksi hormon insulin oleh kelenjar pankreas. Hal ini menyebabkan kadar gula darah menjadi naik.

Hormon insulin adalah hormon yang berfungsi menurunkan dan mengendalikan kadar gula darah. Gliclazide bekerja dengan cara menaikkan produksi hormon insulin oleh pankreas dan meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin di tubuh, sehingga kadar gula darah orang dengan DM tipe 2 dapat diturunkan.

 

Indikasi

Bersama dengan pola makan yang sehat dan olahraga, gliaclazide digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe 2.

 

Kontraindikasi

Karena mekanisme kerjanya, obat ini tidak dapat digunakan untuk pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 1. Kelenjar pankreas tidak dapat menghasilkan hormon insulin pada diabetes mellitus tipe 1. Kondisi lain yang membuat pasien tidak boleh mendapat obat ini adalah:

  • Hipersensitivitas atau alergi terhadap gliclazide atau obat golongan sulfonilurea lainnya, seperti glibenclamide dan glimepiride.
  • Koma diabetik dan ketoasidosis diabetik, suatu komplikasi diabetes yang mengancam jiwa.
  • Gangguan hati atau ginjal berat.
  • Kehamilan dan menyusui.
  • Sedang dalam terapi obat jamur mikonazol.

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping utama yang dapat terjadi pada penggunaan obat golongan sulfonilurea adalah hipoglikemia (keadaaan kadar gula darah terlalu rendah) dan peningkatan berat badan.

Tanda dan gejala hipoglikemia antara lain:

  • Nyeri kepala
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Penurunan kesadaran
  • Konsentrasi menurun
  • Tremor
  • Kebingungan
  • Kejang

Hipoglikemia terutama terjadi jika pasien tidak makan dengan teratur atau bahkan tidak makan di waktu makan. Pasien diabetes harus memeriksa kadar gula darahnya secara rutin untuk mengetahui bila kadar gula Anda terlalu rendah atau terlalu tinggi.

Efek samping lain yang dapat terjadi adalah:

  • Diare
  • Perut kembung
  • Ruam pada kulit
  • Rasa terbakar di daerah dada (heartburn)
  • Rasa tidak nyaman di perut
  • Penurunan kadar sel-sel darah
  • Gangguan hati

 

Sediaan

  • Tablet konvensional 80 mg
  • Tablet modified release/MR 30 mg dan 60 mg

 

Dosis

Tablet konvensional:

  • Dosis awal 40-80 mg sekali sehari.
  • Dosis dapat ditingkatkan hingga dosis maksimal 320 mg per hari.
  • Bila pasien mendapat dosis obat >160 mg per hari, umumnya obat dapat diberikan dalam 2 dosis terbagi.

Tabel modified release:

  • Dosis awal 30 mg per hari.
  • Dosis dapat ditingkatkan 30 mg dalam interval 1 bulan (atau setelah 2 minggu jika tidak ada perubahan kadar gula darah).
  • Dosis maksimal 120 mg per hari.

 

Keamanan

Data keamanan terbatas mengenai penggunaan obat ini selama kehamilan, namun penelitian terkait gliclazide pada hewan menunjukkan adanya gangguan perkembangan janin. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan gliclazide selama kehamilan sebaiknya dihindari.

Pengobatan lini pertama diabetes selama kehamilan adalah insulin, sehingga obat minum penurun gula darah sebaiknya diganti menjadi terapi suntikan insulin ketika Anda sedang hamil. Konsultasikan hal ini dengan dokter Anda.

Tidak diketahui apakah gliclazide keluar bersama air susu ibu (ASI) dan terdapat risiko terjadinya kadar gula darah rendah apabila obat ini masuk ke dalam tubuh bayi, sehingga penggunaannya oleh ibu menyusui dilarang.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Terjadi peningkatan risiko hipoglikemia apabila gliclazide dikonsumsi bersama:
    • Alkohol
    • Antihipertensi golongan beta blocker seperti bisoprolol dan ACE inhibitor seperti captopril
    • Obat penurun asam lambung ranitidine
    • Antibiotik klaritromisin
    • Obat pereda nyeri golongan NSAID seperti asam mefenamat
    • Obat-obatan diabetes lainnya
  • Efektivitas gliclazide dapat berkurang bila dikonsumsi bersama:
    • Obat danazol
    • Antipsikotik klorpromazin
    • Steroid
    • Antikejang barbiturat
    • Pil kontrasepsi 
  • Penggunaan bersama warfarin dapat meningkatkan efek pengencer darah warfarin.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Arifin Muhammad Siregar
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 15:40

MIMS Indonesia. (2022). Gliclazide: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution. Retrieved 4 October 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/gliclazide?mtype=generic

Pusat Informasi Obat Nasional. (2022). GLIKLAZID. Retrieved 4 October 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/gliklazid

PB Perkeni. (2021). Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia.

Medicines.org.uk. (2022). Gliclazide 80 mg Tablets BP - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc). Retrieved 4 October 2022, from https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5883/smpc#gref

MedlinePlus. (2022). Glipizide: MedlinePlus Drug Information. Retrieved 4 October 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a684060.html

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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8834 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8834
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7370 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7370
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8518 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8518
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7479 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7479
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.15msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3626 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3626
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3890 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3890
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5817 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5817
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7179 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7179
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6586 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6586
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6549 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6549
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.44msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5900 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5900
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.16msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    57Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Healthpedia
    1Healthpedia.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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