Makanan dan Minuman yang Perlu Dihindari saat Sedang Hamil

Makanan dan Minuman yang Perlu Dihindari saat Sedang Hamil
Credits: Freepik

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Mendapatkan nutrisi yang baik selama kehamilan membantu mendukung kesehatan ibu hamil dan juga perkembangan janin di dalam perut. Kebutuhan nutrisi selama kehamilan juga otomatis meningkat sehingga ibu hamil tidak disarankan membatasi asupan makanan tanpa pengawasan dokter.

Namun, memilih makanan selama kehamilan juga perlu dilakukan secara hati-hati karena ada beberapa makanan dan minuman yang justru dapat membahayakan kehamilan.

 

Makanan dan Minuman yang Sebaiknya Dihindari saat Sedang Hamil

Minuman beralkohol

Tidak seperti teh, kopi atau minuman berkafein lain yang memiliki batas toleransi, alkohol adalah minuman yang wajib dihindari selama hamil. Tidak ada batas toleransi aman konsumsi minuman beralkohol karena bagaimanapun alkohol dapat membahayakan kesehatan ibu maupun janin.

Kandungan alkohol yang masuk ke dalam darah ibu dapat masuk ke tubuh bayi melalui plasenta. Alkohol berisiko menyebabkan keguguran, lahir mati, perubahan perilaku dan juga disabilitas intelektual.

Jenis disabilitas intelektual yang mungkin dialami dikenal dengan istilah fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Anak-anak yang mengalami gangguan ini biasanya memiliki karakter dan perilaku, di antaranya:

  • Memiliki fitur wajah tidak normal seperti adanya tonjolan halus antara hidung dan bibir atas
  • Ukuran kepala yang kecil
  • Tinggi badan yang lebih pendek dari tinggi badan rata-rata
  • Berat badan kurang
  • Koordinasi tubuh yang kurang
  • Perilaku hiperaktif
  • Kesulitan memusatkan perhatian
  • Ingatan yang buruk
  • Kesulitan dalam belajar, khususnya dalam hal berhitung
  • Disabilitas dalam belajar
  • Speech dan language delay
  • IQ yang rendah
  • Keterampilan dan penalaran yang buruk
  • Masalah tidur
  • Masalah penglihatan atau pendengaran
  • Masalah dengan jantung, ginjal atau tulang

 

Baca Juga: Bukan Cuma Alkohol, Hal Ini Juga Dapat Menyebabkan Kerusakan Hati

 

Minuman berkafein

Minuman berkafein juga termasuk minuman yang perlu dihindari selama kehamilan. Namun, para ahli menentukan batas toleransi asupan kafein harian sehingga Anda masih boleh minum teh atau kopi saat sedang hamil.

Anda diminta membatasi sekitar 200-300 mg kafein per hari, atau sekitar 240-480ml kopi per hari selama kehamilan.

Kandungan kafein bersifat sebagai stimulan yang dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah dan denyut jantung. Sifat diuretik kafein menyebabkan lebih sering buang air kecil sehingga berisiko meningkatkan dehidrasi.

Kafein yang masuk ke dalam tubuh ibu juga masuk ke dalam tubuh bayi melalui plasenta sehingga bayi cenderung lebih waspada dan terjaga.

 

Produk makanan olahan

Produk makanan olahan yang melewati beberapa kali proses pengolahan seperti kue nabati, keju vegan, daging tiruan serta makanan yang mengandung gula atau bahan tambahan lainnya tidak disarankan dikonsumsi oleh ibu hamil. Makanan tersebut melewati beberapa tahap pengolahan sehingga mengurangi kandungan nutrisi dan serat alaminya.

Selain itu, makanan tersebut juga tinggi kandungan garam, gula dan lemak jenuh yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung, diabetes, hipertensi dan obesitas.

 

Baca Juga: Cara Mencegah Toksoplasmosis saat Sedang Hamil

 

Kecambah mentah, produk makanan yang tidak dicuci dan jus yang tidak dipasteurisasi

Produk makanan mentah, tidak dicuci maupun jus atau susu yang tidak dipasteurisasi sangat berbahaya bagi ibu hamil karena berisiko terkontaminasi parasit bernama Toksoplasma gondii. Parasit tersebut dapat menyebar ke manusia melalui makanan atau air yang terkontaminasi oleh tinja hewan yang terinfeksi.

Infeksi toksoplasma memang terkadang tidak menimbulkan gejala berarti, tetapi berisiko menyebabkan kelainan pada janin seperti kelainan mata, kerusakan otak, dan gangguan pertumbuhan. Infeksinya juga berisiko menyebabkan keguguran atau kelahiran prematur.

 

Demi keamanan kehamilan dan janin sebaiknya hindari makanan dan minuman yang telah disebutkan di atas. Konsultasikan dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care apabila ada keluhan atau gejala terkait kehamilan yang ingin diketahui.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 15 Mei 2023 | 02:59

Alina Petre, MS, RD (NL) (2020). Is It Safe to Follow a Vegan Diet While Pregnant?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vegan-pregnancy 

Better Health Channel. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vegan-pregnancy. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pregnancy-and-diet 

CDC (2022). Alcohol Use During Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/alcohol-use.html 

American Pregnancy Association. Caffeine During Pregnancy. Available from: https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-health-wellness/caffeine-intake-during-pregnancy 

Walkyria O. Paula, et all (2022). Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods-Rich Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9370797/ 

US FDA (2018). Fruits, Veggies and Juices - Food Safety for Moms to Be. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/fruits-veggies-and-juices-food-safety-moms-be 

NHS UK (2022). What are the risks of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy?. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/pregnancy/what-are-the-risks-of-toxoplasmosis-during-pregnancy 

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7696 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7696
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1089 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1089
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new520μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6832 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6832
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.41msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7105 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10072
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10068 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10068
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10005 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10005
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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