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Mitos dan Fakta Seputar Anak Bilingual, Benarkah Memicu Speech Delay?

Mitos dan Fakta Seputar Anak Bilingual, Benarkah Memicu Speech Delay?
Credit: Freepik

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Mengajarkan anak bahasa asing memiliki banyak manfaat bagi perkembangan kecerdasannya. Semakin dini si kecil belajar bahasa asing, maka kemampuan penyerapannya akan semakin baik. Sayangnya banyak yang beranggapan bahwa mengajarkan bahasa asing sejak dini dapat menyebabkan anak mengalami speech delay hingga gangguan akademis. Benarkah demikian?

 

Mitos Seputar Anak Bilingual

Saat ini banyak orang tua mengajarkan anak lebih dari satu bahasa (bilingual) sejak anak berusia balita. Belajar bahasa asing sejak dini dapat melatih kemampuan bersosialisasi dan komunikasi anak. Namun saat ini banyak mitos beredar seputar pengajaran dua bahasa atau lebih pada anak yang menyebabkan orang tua ragu mengajarkan bahasa asing pada anak. 

Mitos seputar anak bilingual yang banyak dipercaya orang tua, antara lain:

Menyebabkan speech delay 

Salah satu mitos yang paling banyak dipercaya tentang mengajarkan bahasa kedua selain bahasa ibu adalah meningkatkan risiko speech delay pada anak. Speech delay adalah keterlambatan anak dalam menyampaikan sesuatu, dalam hal ini melalui bicara. Anak speech delay ditandai dengan kesulitan menirukan suara, tidak merespon pembicaraan, dan lebih suka menggunakan gerakan untuk merespon pembicaraan. 

Faktanya, mengajarkan anak bahasa asing selain bahasa ibu tidak menyebabkan anak mengalami speech delay. Dilansir dari Healthline, speech delay disebabkan oleh adanya gangguan bentuk mulut, gangguan pendengaran pada anak, gangguan saraf, dan adanya masalah lidah dan langit-langit mulut. 

 

Baca Juga: Speech Delay: Penyebab, Tanda-Tanda dan Cara Mengatasinya

 

Meskipun keterlambatan berbahasa biasa terjadi pada anak speech delay, namun bukan berarti anak bilingual pasti mengalami speech delay. Keterlambatan berbahasa (language delay) utamanya disebabkan oleh kurangnya stimulasi saat belajar bahasa asing.

Untuk memastikannya, Anda bisa meningkatkan stimulasi bahasa menggunakan lagu, musik, permainan dan percakapan sehari-hari. Anak yang mengalami speech delay akan menunjukkan keterlambatan pada bahasa ibu dan bahasa asing yang ia pelajari. Jika keterlambatan bahasa hanya tampak pada satu jenis bahasa yang ia pelajari, kemungkinan yang ia alami adalah kurangnya stimulus.

 

Menyebabkan kebingungan pada anak

Saat mengajarkan anak bahasa asing, Anda mungkin akan mendengar anak-anak mencampur bahasa ibu dengan bahasa yang baru ia pelajari. Hal ini adalah fenomena wajar dalam proses pembelajaran dan tidak berarti anak bingung. Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, anak-anak mulai bisa memilah mana bahasa ibu dan mana bahasa asing. Di usia 4 tahun ketika kemampuan berbahasanya semakin baik, maka ia akan semakin lancar berbicara dalam bahasa yang ia kuasai dan jarang mencampur bahasa atau kosa kata.

 

Baca Juga: Kenali Jenis Gangguan Belajar pada Anak dan Penanganannya

 

Mengalami masalah kecerdasan akademik

Salah satu kekhawatiran orang tua dalam mengajarkan bahasa asing pada anak adalah anak akan mengalami masalah akademik dan akan kesulitan belajar bahasa asing lainnya. Namun dilansir dari Healthy Children mengajarkan anak bahasa asing sejak dini justru dapat meningkatkan kemampuan anak dalam menyelesaikan masalah dan kemampuan kognitif lainnya.

 

Banyak yang menganggap mengajarkan bahasa asing pada anak sejak dini akan memengaruhi kemampuan akademis dan kognitif anak. Namun para ahli justru mengungkapkan bahwa mengajarkan anak bahasa asing sejak dini memberi manfaat bagi kecerdasannya. Apabila si kecil menunjukkan tanda-tanda keterlambatan berbahasa atau speech delay sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 31 Juli 2023 | 03:49

Healthy Children. 7 Myths and Facts About Bilingual Children Learning Language. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/school/Pages/7-Myths-Facts-Bilingual-Children-Learning-Language.aspx

Pietrangelo, A. (2019). Does My Toddler Have a Speech Delay?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/speech-delay-3-year-old-2

Family Doctor. (2022). Speech and Language Delay. Available from: https://familydoctor.org/condition/speech-and-language-delay/#

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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