Mengenal Nebulizer dan Cara Menggunakannya di Rumah

Mengenal Nebulizer dan Cara Menggunakannya di Rumah

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Belakangan ini Anda mungkin cukup sering mendengar alat nebulizer. Alat ini diresepkan oleh dokter untuk mengatasi masalah gangguan paru-paru seperti asma, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis, fibrosis kistik, fibrosis paru dan bronkiektasis.

Nebulizer mengubah obat dari cairan menjadi kabut sehingga Anda dapat menghirupnya ke dalam paru-paru. Tak harus pergi ke rumah sakit, nebulizer tersedia dalam model rumah (tabletop) dan nebulizer portable yang dapat digunakan sendiri di rumah. Nebulizer tabletop ukurannya lebih besar dibandingkan yang portable, dan penggunaannya harus dihubungkan dengan listrik. Sedangkan nebulizer portable dapat digunakan dengan energi baterai atau mencolokkannya di mobil.

Walaupun tersedia nebulizer yang bisa digunakan di rumah, namun sebaiknya penggunaannya harus dengan resep dokter, karena obat yang digunakan umumnya adalah obat resep.

Obat nebulizer

Ada beberapa jenis obat yang biasanya digunakan dengan alat nebulizer seperti dilansir Medical News Today berikut:

  • Bronkodilator - adalah obat yang membantu membuka saluran pernapasan dan membuat pernapasan lebih mudah. Obat ini biasanya diresepkan oleh dokter untuk penderita asma, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis atau gangguan pernapasan lainnya
  • Larutan saline steril - adalah obat yang digunakan dengan alat nebulizer yang berfungsi membuka saluran pernapasan dan mengencerkan dahak. Obat ini melonggarkan pernapasan dan membuat lendir atau dahak lebih encer di paru-paru sehingga lebih mudah untuk dikeluarkan
  • Antibiotik - beberapa jenis obat antibiotik juga dapat digunakan dengan alat nebulizer sehingga bisa langsung masuk ke paru-paru atau saluran pernapasan ketika seseorang mengalami infeksi pernapasan parah

Jenis nebulizer

Dilansir WebMD, ada tiga jenis utama nebulizer, antara lain:

  • Tipe jet - nebulizer yang menggunakan gas terkompresi untuk membuat aerosol (partikel kecil obat di udara/uap)
  • Tipe ultrasonik - nebulizer yang membuat aerosol melalui getaran frekuensi tinggi. Ukuran partikelnya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nebulizer jet
  • Tipe jaring - nebulizer jenis ini menghasilkan partikel terkecil dan harganya paling mahal. Cairan akan melewati jaring yang sangat halus kemudian membentuk aerosol

Cara menggunakan nebulizer

Berikut adalah langkah-langkah menggunakan nebulizer seperti dilansir Medlineplus:

  • Mencuci tangan dengan bersih sebelum menggunakan alat
  • Menghubungkan selang ke kompresor udara
  • Mengisi cangkir dengan obat yang telah diresepkan. Agar tidak tumpah, tutup cangkir obat dengan rapat dan pegang corong lurus ke atas dan ke bawah
  • Pasang selang dan corong ke cangkir obat
  • Tempatkan corong di mulut dan jaga agar bibir tetap kencang di sekitar corong sehingga semua obat bisa masuk ke paru-paru Anda
  • Bernapaslah melalui mulut sampai obat habis, yang mungkin membutuhkan waktu sekitar 10-15 menit. Jika perlu jepit hidung sehingga napas hanya diambil melalui mulut
  • Matikan mesin apabila sudah selesai
  • Cuci cangkir obat sampai bersih dan keringkan 

Cara membersihkan nebulizer

Dilansir Healthline, berikut adalah cara yang tepat untuk membersihkan alat nebulizer:

  • Cangkir obat harus dicuci dengan sabun dan air panas setiap kali selesai menggunakannya
  • Alat nebulizer, khususnya cangkir obat harus didesinfektan sekali dalam seminggu
  • Setelah selesai dicuci, alat nebulizer harus dikeringkan dengan handuk atau kain yang bersih

Nebulizer adalah peralatan medis yang membantu menghantarkan obat-obatan langsung ke paru-paru dan sistem pernapasan. Meskipun pengoperasiannya mudah, Anda harus tetap membersihkan dan memeliharanya dengan benar. Pastikan pula untuk berkonsultasi dengan dokter sebelum menggunakannya untuk mencegah efek samping yang bisa terjadi.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 00:42
Tags : nebulizer asma penyakit paru fibrosis kistik bronkiektasis

WebMD (2020). Nebulizer. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/home-nebulizer-therapy

Nicole Galan, RN (2019). Nebulizers: What they are and how to use them. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324947

Medlineplus (2020). How to use a nebulizer. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000006.htm

Jessica DiGiacinto and Rena Goldman (2021). Using a Nebulizer. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/asthma-nebulizer-machine

 

 

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