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  • Hernia Diskus, Masalah Tulang Belakang yang Sering Disebut Sebagai Saraf Terjepit

Hernia Diskus, Masalah Tulang Belakang yang Sering Disebut Sebagai Saraf Terjepit

Hernia Diskus, Masalah Tulang Belakang yang Sering Disebut Sebagai Saraf Terjepit

Bagikan :


Pernahkah Anda mengalami nyeri punggung dan leher ketika menoleh dan mengangkat barang? Jika ya, kemungkinan Anda mengalami hernia diskus (herniated disk), yaitu cedera tulang belakang yang oleh orang awam kerap disebut sebagai saraf terjepit.

 

Apa itu hernia diskus?

Hernia diskus juga dikenal dengan istilah cedera hernia tulang belakang. Cedera ini merupakan salah satu kondisi cedera leher, punggung dan kaki yang paling umum dialami, terutama pada orang yang kerap mengangkat barang berat atau baru saja mengalami cedera punggung.

Manusia memiliki deretan tulang belakang yang memanjang dari dasar tengkorak hingga tulang ekor. Di antara tulang belakang terdapat bantalan bundar yang disebut cakram atau diskus (disk). Cakram ini memiliki bagian tengah seperti gel dan lapisan luar seperti jeli. Gel cakram ini berfungsi sebagai bantalan dan mencegah tulang belakang saling bergesekan. Ketika cakram ini bocor dan bergeser menyembul keluar, maka akan timbul nyeri dan kondisi inilah yang disebut hernia diskus.

Apabila cakram bergeser di area leher, maka saraf bahu akan terjepit dan Anda akan mengalami nyeri mulai dari bahu hingga tangan. Sedangkan jika cakram yang bergeser di area pungung bawah, maka Anda dapat mengalami nyeri dari punggung bawah hingga kaki.

 

Mengapa cakram tulang belakang dapat bergeser?

Ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan tulang belakang bergeser, di antaranya:

  • Faktor usia
  • Kelebihan berat badan
  • Melakukan gerakan yang sama berulang kali
  • Ketegangan karena mengangkat barang atau melakukan peregangan dengan cara yang tidak tepat

Beberapa orang yang rentan mengalami hernia diskus antara lain orang yang duduk di posisi yang sama selama beberapa lama, kegemukan, sering mengangkat barang dan sering membungkuk atau melakukan gerakan memutar karena olahraga dan hobi.

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, para perokok juga memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami cedera tulang belakang hernia diskus karena senyawa dalam rokok dapat mengurangi asupan oksigen ke cakram tulang belakang. Kondisi ini juga dapat meningkatkan risiko cakram bocor atau bergeser.

 

Gejala cedera hernia diskus

Umumnya hernia diskus terjadi di tulang punggung bagian bawah, namun kebocoran cakram juga dapat terjadi di tulang punggung bagian atas. Gejala yang Anda rasakan tergantung dari lokasi terjadinya pergeseran cakram. Beberapa gejala yang muncul antara lain:

  • Nyeri di lengan dan kaki. Jika pergeseran cakram terjadi di punggung bawah, biasanya Anda akan merasa nyeri di pantat, paha dan kaki. Jika pergeseran cakram terjadi di leher, Anda akan merasakan nyeri di bahu dan lengan. Nyeri juga dapat terasa ketika Anda bergerak, batuk dan bersin.
  • Rasa kebas dan kesemutan. Selain rasa nyeri, cedera hernia juga akan menyebabkan mati rasa dan kesemutan di area terjadinya cedera.
  • Lemah otot. Saraf yang tertekan akibat tekanan pada cakram akan menyebabkan otot di sekitar saraf melemah. Kondisi ini akan membuat otot terasa lemah dan sulit digerakkan.

 

Penanganan hernia diskus

Pada beberapa kasus, nyeri akibat cedera hernia diskus dapat mereda dengan sendirinya. Untuk mengatasinya, dokter dapat menyarankan untuk pemberian obat-obatan pereda nyeri dan obat-obatan yang membuat otot menjadi lebih rileks. Dokter juga dapat merekomendasikan fisioterapi untuk mengurangi nyeri. Pada kasus berat, dokter akan merekomendasikan operasi apabila kondisi Anda tidak membaik selama beberapa minggu perawatan.

 

Cedera hernia diskus bukan hanya menimbulkan rasa nyeri namun juga dapat membatasi aktivitas Anda. Segera periksakan ke dokter apabila Anda mengalami gejala herniated disk terutama jika sebelumnya Anda melakukan gerakan-gerakan yang dapat memicu pergeseran cakram tulang belakang.

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 15:48

Mayo Clinic. Herniated Disk https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/herniated-disk/symptoms-causes/syc-20354095

Cleveland Clinic. Herniated Disk (Slipped, Ruptured or Bulging Disk). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12768-herniated-disk

American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Herniated Disc. Available from: https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Herniated-Disc#

WebMD. (2020). Herniated Disk Diagnosis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/do-i-have-a-herniated-disk

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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