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  • Mengenal Paxlovid, Obat Antvirus yang Diklaim Efektif Atasi Covid-19

Mengenal Paxlovid, Obat Antvirus yang Diklaim Efektif Atasi Covid-19

Mengenal Paxlovid, Obat Antvirus yang Diklaim Efektif Atasi Covid-19

Bagikan :


Pandemi akibat virus Covid-19 masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Sejak pertama kali mewabah pada tahun 2019, sampai saat ini para peneliti terus berupaya mencari penanganan terbaik virus Covid-19. Selain mengoptimalkan vaksinasi pada masyarakat luas, sejumlah perusahaan farmasi juga berusaha mengembangkan obat Covid-19. Salah satunya adalah Pfizer yang sedang memproses obat bernama Paxlovid yang diklaim sebagai salah satu kandidat obat Covid-19. 

Dilansir dari Healthline, baru-baru ini Pfizer mengumumkan bahwa Paxlovid, obat antivirus yang sedang mereka kembangkan, secara signifikan dapat mengurangi risiko kematian dan perawatan intensif di rumah sakit akibat infeksi Covid-19 hingga 89%. Dalam sebuah uji coba tahap awal yang melibatkan 1200 pasien Covid-19 dengan infeksi ringan hingga sedang menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pasien meninggal setelah menerima dosis Paxlovid pada masa perawatan. Hasil ini dianggap lebih baik dibandingkan uji coba pil placebo yang memiliki angka kematian lebih tinggi. 

Bagaimana Paxlovid bekerja? 

Paxlovid adalah obat eksperimental dari Pfizer yang merupakan kombinasi dari antivirus PF-07321332 dan ritonavir. Sebelumnya, obat ritonavir yang dikombinasikan dengan lopinavir dikenal sebagai obat pendukung yang efektif untuk mengatasi infeksi HIV. Dalam sebuah uji coba yang dilakukan di Wuhan, pasien yang mengonsumsi lopinavir dan ritonavir terbukti dapat menurunkan gejala yang dialami pasien. 

Dilansir dari rilis resmi Pfizer, Paxlovid dibuat secara khusus sebagai penghambat aktivitas protease SARS-CoV-2-3CL. Obat ini bekerja dengan mengganggu kerja enzim tertentu untuk memecah protein sehingga menghambat proses replikasi virus. 

Penggunaan antivirus ini dikombinasikan dengan ritonavir yang membantu memperlambat kemampuan virus mereplikasi diri sehingga memberi waktu bagi daya tahan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi virus. 

Data uji coba menunjukkan bahwa Paxflovid yang dikombinasikan dengan ritonavir terbukti efektif mengurangi risiko kematian dan rawat inap jika dikonsumsi dalam 5 hari sejak gejala muncul. Hasil uji klinis juga menunjukkan bahwa Paxlovid terbukti efektif melawan virus Covid-19 yang termasuk dalam variants of concern (VOC) dan varian lainnya. 

Kesimpulan

Dengan hasil uji klinis yang menunjukkan efektivitas yang tinggi, Pfizer saat ini sedang mengajukan izin penggunaan darurat (Emergency Use Authorization) kepada FDA. Hasil penelitian Pfizer ini memberi harapan baru bagi penanganan wabah Covid-19 di seluruh dunia. Sebelum Paxlovid, perusahaan farmasi Merck juga mengembangkan obat pil antivirus Molnupiravir yang juga diklaim efektif untuk menangani risiko kematian akibat Covid-19. 

Meskipun kehadiran Paxlovid dan Molnupiravir dianggap sebagai angin segar dalam penanganan Covid-19, namun para ahli mengingatkan bahwa obat-obatan ini bukan berfungsi sebagai pengganti vaksin. Vaksin berfungsi sebagai pendorong kekebalan tubuh agar terhindar dari infeksi virus dan mengurangi keparahan jika terjadi infeksi sedangkan obat berfungsi sebagai penurun gejala setelah terinfeksi. 

Pencegahan utama penyebaran virus Covid-19 bisa dilakukan dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan seperti menggunakan masker, rajin mencuci tangan dengan sabun, dan menghindari kerumunan. Bila mendapati diri mengalami gejala Covid-19 maka segera lakukan tes deteksi Covid-19 dan pemeriksaan ke dokter.

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 03:13

WebMD. Pfizer Says Its COVID-10 Pill Is Highly Effective. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20211105/pfizer-says-covid-pill-highly-effective.

Healthline. Pfizer Antiviral Drug May Be 90% Effective Against Severe COVID-19: What to Know. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health-news/pfizer-antiviral-drug-may-be-90-effective-against-severe-covid-19-what-to-know.

Drug. COVID-19: Prevention & Investigation Treatments. Available from: https://www.drugs.com/condition/covid-19.html.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4899 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4899
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8458
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8459 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8459
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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