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Penyebab Serangan Panik (Panic Attack) dan Cara Mengatasinya

Penyebab Serangan Panik (Panic Attack) dan Cara Mengatasinya

Bagikan :


Panic attack atau serangan panik adalah munculnya rasa takut berlebihan secara tiba-tiba. Panik sebenarnya adalah emosi yang wajar dialami manusia, namun pada panic attack, seseorang dapat mengalami kegelisahan berlebihan.

Gejala panic attack dapat ditandai dengan susah napas, keringat berlebih, dan detak jantung meningkat. Pada beberapa kasus, orang dapat mengalami nyeri dada sehingga sering serangan panik dianggap sama dengan serangan jantung.

Penyebab panic attack

Serangan panik dapat terjadi kapan saja dan sering muncul tanpa peringatan. Kondisi ini dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal, namun ada beberapa hal yang dapat memicu serangan panik, di antaranya:

  • Memiliki masalah kecemasan
  • Stres
  • Memiliki trauma
  • Sedang mengalami perubahan fase hidup seperti baru bercerai atau baru memiliki anak
  • Perubahan suasana tiba-tiba, misal dari kondisi sepi lalu tiba-tiba ramai
  • Berada dalam pengaruh narkotika dan obat-obatan tertentu
  • Terpapar risiko pemicu kepanikan seperti menonton film atau membaca buku yang memunculkan emosi negatif
  • Pengaruh genetik

Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, sejumlah penelitian menyebutkan bahwa serangan panik merupakan respon alami ketika tubuh berada dalam bahaya. Namun para peneliti belum mengetahui penyebab serangan panik yang muncul ketika tidak ada bahaya yang terjadi.

Para peneliti beranggapan bahwa setiap orang memiliki pemicu stres yang berbeda-beda, sehingga beberapa orang dapat mengalami serangan panik ketika menghadapi masalah, berbicara di tempat umum atau berada di kerumunan.

Cara mengatasi panic attack

1. Mengonsumsi obat-obatan

Obat-obatan merupakan cara yang efektif untuk mengatasi serangan panik karena dapat bekerja dalam waktu cepat. Namun, obat-obatan untuk meredakan gangguan panik tidak dapat mengatasi gangguan kecemasan yang berlangsung terus-menerus. Obat-obatan ini juga membutuhkan resep dokter dan harus dikonsumsi sesuai anjuran karena dapat menyebabkan kecanduan.

2. Menyadari bahwa sedang mengalami serangan panik

Serangan panik yang disertai dengan nyeri dada seringkali disamakan dengan serangan jantung, padahal penanganan keduanya sangat berbeda. Karenanya, penting untuk menyadari apa yang sedang terjadi pada diri Anda.

Dengan menyadari bahwa Anda mengalami serangan panik dan bukan serangan jantung, maka Anda dapat segera menenangkan diri dengan latihan pernapasan ataupun metode lainnya.

3. Melatih teknik bernapas

Salah satu gejala yang mungkin terjadi saat serangan panik muncul adalah hiperventilasi, yaitu bernapas dengan lebih cepat dan dalam. Pada beberapa kasus, serangan panik yang diikuti dengan hiperventilasi dapat diikuti dengan kehilangan kesadaran.

Untuk mengatasinya, kendalikan diri Anda dengan mengatur pernapasan. Secara perlahan, cobalah menarik napas dalam lalu mengembuskannya. Ulangi hingga Anda merasa lebih baik. Dilansir dari Healthline, dengan melatih teknik bernapas, Anda dapat mencegah risiko serangan panik menjadi lebih buruk.

4. Menerapkan latihan mindfulness

Mindfulness adalah suatu bentuk meditasi yang bisa Anda lakukan dengan cara mengatur pernapasan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk menenangkan tubuh, pikiran, dan mengurangi stres. Serangan panik dapat menimbulkan disosiasi yaitu kegagalan mengenali identitas, ingatan, hingga kehilangan kesadaran. Latihan mindfulness dipercaya dapat mengurangi risiko tersebut.

Beberapa latihan mindfulness yang dapat dilakukan antara lain adalah memperhatikan diri sendiri secara total, atur pernapasan, terima diri sendiri, mengenali emosi yang Anda rasakan, dan meditasi singkat serta berjalan kaki untuk membantu tubuh menjadi lebih rileks.

5. Mencari konseling

Apabila serangan panik sering muncul terutama ketika terjadi tanpa pemicu yang dikenali, sebaiknya Anda segera mencari bantuan konseling. Bicarakan masalah Anda dengan psikolog atau psikiater agar Anda mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat. Umumnya psikolog atau psikiater akan merekomendasikan terapi untuk menjaga suasana hati, mengelola stres dengan baik dan relaksasi.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 20:05
  1. Ana Gotter. 12 Ways to Stop a Panic Attack. Available from : Panic Attacks: What They Are, How to Stop, and More (healthline.com)
  2. NHS. Anxiety, Fear and Panic (2019). Available from : Get help with anxiety, fear or panic - NHS (www.nhs.uk)
  3. Mayo Clinic. Panic Attack and Panis Disorder (2018). Available from : Panic attacks and panic disorder - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8031 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8031
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1904 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1904
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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