Mengapa Anak Melakukan Bullying dan Bagaimana Mencegahnya?

Mengapa Anak Melakukan Bullying dan Bagaimana Mencegahnya?
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Bullying atau perundungan, adalah salah satu masalah sosial yang sering terjadi di masyarakat. Bullying dapat terjadi di sekolah, kampus, di lingkungan rumah bahkan hingga di tempat kerja. Bagi anak-anak yang para pelaku bullying di sekolah, sikap ini jika tidak ditangani dapat memicu anak menjadi seseorang yang gemar melakukan kekerasan hingga dewasa. Sebenarnya, apa penyebab anak melakukan bullying dan bagaimana mencegahnya?

 

Penyebab Anak Melakukan Bullying

Bullying merupakan salah satu masalah yang banyak dialami di tingkat sekolah dasar maupun menengah. Terkadang kasus bullying sulit untuk diusut karena korban tidak berani melaporkan peristiwa yang sebenarnya karena takut, diancam, dan lain-lain. Bagi korban, peristiwa bullying dapat menyebabkan trauma berkepanjangan. Sedangkan bagi pelaku, tindakan bullying juga dapat berkembang menjadi perilaku kekerasan. Karenanya, orang tua perlu waspada akan peristiwa bullying yang terjadi pada anak-anak.

Dilansir dari Verywell Family, ada beberapa penyebab seseorang gemar melakukan bullying, di antaranya:

1. Ingin Merasa Berkuasa

Anak-anak dan remaja yang cenderung ingin memegang kendali atau memiliki kekuasaan terhadap orang lain akan lebih rentan melakukan bullying. Mereka mungkin hanya mau berinteraksi dengan syarat yang mereka tentukan, atau berkomunikasi dengan orang-orang tertentu saja. Bila hal yang mereka inginkan tidak berjalan sesuai keinginan mereka, bullying bisa menjadi salah satu cara yang mereka lakukan.

2. Ingin Balas Dendam

Beberapa anak melakukan bullying karena mungkin mereka pernah menjadi korban juga, dan ingin melampiaskan dendam atas apa yang pernah mereka alami. Terkadang mereka menargetkan seseorang yang lebih lemah sebagai korban, atau melampiaskan dendam mereka pada orang yang pernah melakukan bullying pada mereka. Mereka dapat merasa dibenarkan atas tindakan mereka karena mereka pernah disakiti sebelumnya.

3. Masalah di Rumah

Anak-anak yang tumbuh dengan perilaku kekerasan di rumah cenderung tumbuh menjadi pelaku bullying. Mereka menganggap bahwa kekerasan adalah hal yang wajar dan seringkali ampuh menjadi penyelesaian masalah.

Dilansir dari Verywell Family, anak-anak dengan orang tua yang tidak memiliki perhatian pada anak juga dapat menyebabkan anak menjadi pelaku bully. Dengan menggertak atau menindas anak lain, ia akan merasakan memiliki kendali, sesuatu yang kurang dalam kehidupan mereka sendiri. Sementara itu, anak-anak dengan kepercayaan diri rendah juga dapat melakukan bullying untuk menutupi rasa rendah diri yang mereka miliki.

4. Sebagai Hiburan Akibat Kurangnya Perhatian dari Orang Tua

Pada beberapa kasus, anak melakukan bullying semata-mata hanya sebagai hiburan belaka. Anak yang bosan dan butuh hiburan tak ragu melakukan bullying hanya demi kesenangan pribadi. Mereka juga bisa melakukan bullying karena kurangnya perhatian dari orang tua. Dengan melakukan bullying di sekolah, mereka bisa mendapatkan perhatian yang mereka butuhkan dari orang tua.

5. Tekanan Sosial (peer pressure)

Terkadang, anak-anak menggertak orang lain hanya agar dapat diterima di golongan tertentu. Di usia remaja, penerimaan maupun pengakuan dari suatu golongan bisa terasa lebih penting jika dibandingkan dengan melakukan hal yang benar. Untuk itu anak-anak tidak akan segan-segan melakukan perundungan agar diterima atau dianggap terpandang oleh kelompok tertentu.

 

Bagaimana Mencegah Anak Melakukan Bullying?

Masalah bullying merupakan masalah yang memiliki konsekuensi serius di rumah dan sekolah. Anak-anak pelaku bullying berisiko memiliki masalah akademis dan pergaulan ketika dewasa. Untuk mencegah anak melakukan bullying, ada beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan orang tua antara lain:

1. Tidak Meremehkan Masalah Bullying

Pastikan bahwa anak Anda memahami bahwa bullying adalah masalah yang serius dan tidak bisa ditoleransi di lingkungan mana pun. Buatlah peraturan mengenai bullying dan buat anak mematuhinya baik di lingkungan rumah maupun sekolah. Berikan konsekuensi yang tegas jika anak melakukan perundungan. Misalnya, jika anak melakukan bullying secara fisik pada teman, Anda bisa memberinya hukuman dengan tidak memberinya uang saku selama beberapa hari. Dengan begini, anak Anda akan jera melakukan bullying.

2. Ajarkan anak tentang bagaimana bersosialisasi yang baik

Dalam bersosialisasi, ajarkan anak untuk menghargai perbedaan dan mengajarkan bahwa perbedaan bukanlah sesuatu yang bisa menjadi bahan perundungan. Jika ia melihat orang lain melakukan perundungan, maka ajarkan anak untuk berani mengambil sikap untuk tidak mengikutinya.

Masalah bullying terkait beberapa faktor seperti kepribadian anak tersebut, pola asuh, hingga lingkungan di sekolah dan di rumah. Apabila Anda mengetahui anak Anda menjadi pelaku bullying maka sebaiknya segera bicarakan dengannya. Jika diperlukan, Anda juga bisa meminta bantuan pihak sekolah dan berkonsultasi dengan dokter atau psikolog agar anak Anda mendapat penanganan yang tepat.

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 00:17

American Psychological Association. How Parents, Teachers and Kids Can Take Action to Prevent Bullying. Available from: https://www.apa.org/topics/bullying/prevent

Kids Health. Helping Kids Deal With Bullies. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bullies.html

Kids Health. Teaching Kids Not to Bully. Available form: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bullying.html

Mayo Clinic. Mental Illness in Children: Know the Signs. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/mental-illness-in-children/art-20046577

Stomp Out Bullying. Why Do Kids Bully?. Available from: https://www.stompoutbullying.org/why-kids-bully

 

Gordon, S. 8 Reasons Why Teens Bully Others. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/reasons-why-teens-bully-others-460532

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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