Ini Dampak Infeksi Covid-19 pada Otak dan Kecerdasan

Ini Dampak Infeksi Covid-19 pada Otak dan Kecerdasan

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Infeksi virus Covid-19 benar-benar bukan hanya memengaruhi pernapasan, namun juga hampir semua organ tubuh manusia. Dalam sebuah penelitian terbaru disebutkan bahwa penyintas Covid-19 menalami penurunan kecerdasan yang diukur melalui tes IQ. Benarkah penurunan kecerdasan ini termasuk gejala baru dalam long Covid-19?

Sejumlah penyintas Covid-19 mengalami brain fog

Sebuah penelitian di Inggris mengungkap dampak negatif dari Covid-19 pada kecerdasan manusia. Dilansir dari WebMD, penelitian tersebut melibatkan 81.337 peserta yang melakukan tes kecerdasan, di mana 13.000 di antaranya merupakan penyintas Covid-19. Berdasarkan tes kecerdasan tersebut, diketahui para penyintas mengalami kesulitan menyelesaikan soal yang berkaitan dengan pemikiran, penyelesaian masalah, dan perencanaan spasial.

Dalam sebuah penelitian yang dipublikasikan di jurnal The Lancet menyebutkan bahwa kondisi ini berkaitan dengan gejala long Covid-19 dimana pasien mengalami gejala sisa berupa brain fog yang ditandai dengan gangguan konsentrasi dan berpikir. Pada tes kecerdasan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian di atas, para penyintas yang sempat dirawat menggunakan ventilator menunjukkan penurunan IQ sebanyak 7 poin. Para ahli menduga semakin parah gejala yang ditunjukkan saat pasien terinfeksi juga ikut memengaruhi kecerdasan penyintas.

Bagaimana Covid-19 dapat memengaruhi otak?

Para ahli masih meneliti bagaimana infeksi Covid-19 dapat memengaruhi kecerdasan. Beberapa dugaan sementara penyebab penurunan fungsi otak pada penyintas Covid-19, di antaranya:

1. Infeksi berat

Salah satu alasan bagaimana Covid-19 dapat memengaruhi fungsi otak adalah virus tersebut dapat menginfeksi sistem saraf pusat dan menyebabkan infeksi tiba-tiba. Pada beberapa kasus di China, Jepang, dan Florida, peneliti menemukan materi gen Covid-19 dalam cairan tulang belakang pasien yang berkaitan dengan saraf. Para ahli meyakini bahwa temuan ini juga menjawab pertanyaan mengapa para pasien Covid-19 mengalami gangguan saraf seperti anosmia.

2. Sistem imun tubuh kewalahan

Alasan lain mengapa Covid-19 dapat menyebabkan gangguan saraf di antaranya adalah karena sistem imun tubuh mengalami kewalahan ketika melawan infeksi Covid-19. Situasi tersebut dapat memicu peradanagn yang menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan dan organ. Kerusakan ini diduga dapat lebih mematikan daripada kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh Covid-19 sendiri.

3. Perubahan fisik saat infeksi

Dugaan lain mengenai hubungan Covid-19 dan penurunan kecerdasan adalah adanya perubahan fisik dalam tubuh saat terjadi infeksi. Demam tinggi, kurangnya oksigen pada darah, dan kerusakan organ dapat meningkatkan risiko kerusakan otak. Kondisi ini dapat berkembang menjadi delirium atau koma pada beberapa kasus infeksi Covid-19 yang parah.

4. Penggumpalan darah

Kondisi lain yang diduga menjadi penyebab penurunan kecerdasan pada penyintas adalah adanya penggumpalan darah yang meningkatkan risiko terjadinya stroke. Saat jumlah virus yang menginfeksi cukup banyak, risiko penggumpalan darah semakin tinggi. Jika terjadi penggumpalan darah pada pembuluh darah yang membawa darah ke otak, maka hal ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan otak dan stroke.

 

Bagi para penyintas Covid-19 yang mengalami gangguan fungsi tubuh termasuk gangguan saraf dan otak, maka sebaiknya segera konsultasikan ke dokter. Semakin cepat penanganan, maka semakin minim kerusakan yang mungkin terjadi.

 

Writer: Ratih

Edited By: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 3-Ags-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. WebMD. Study Finds COVID-19 May Lower Intelligence. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20210730/study-finds-covid-19-may-lower-intelligence.
  2. John Hopkins Medicine. How Does Coronavirus Affect The Brain?. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/how-does-coronavirus-affect-the-brain.
  3. Boldrini M, et al. How COVID-19 Affects The Brain. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(6):682-683. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0500.
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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1780 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9597
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3699 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3699
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2666 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2666
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8321 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8321
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8542
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8458 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8458
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8459 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8459
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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