Bahaya Paparan Sinar Ultraviolet (UV) bagi Kesehatan Kulit

Bahaya Paparan Sinar Ultraviolet (UV) bagi Kesehatan Kulit
Credit: Freepik

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Di balik manfaat sinar matahari yang kaya akan vitamin D dan baik untuk pertumbuhan tulang, paparan sinar matahari berlebihan memiliki sejumlah bahaya bagi kesehatan. Paparan berlebihan dari sinar ultraviolet atau sinar ultraungu yang merupakan bagian dari gelombang sinar matahari dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kulit.

 

Apa Itu Sinar Ultraviolet?

Sinar ultraviolet dapat didefinisikan sebagai sinar yang tidak tampak dan merupakan bagian dari energi yang berasal dari matahari. Sinar ultraviolet terdiri dari tiga jenis, yaitu UV A, UV B dan UV C. Tetapi, sinar ultraviolet yang mencapai permukaan bumi hanya sinar UV A dan B akibat mekanisme penyaringan ozon.

Yang membedakan antara sinar UV A, B dan C adalah panjang gelombang dan level energinya. 

  • Sinar UV A memiliki gelombang paling panjang dengan level energi paling rendah
  • Sinar UV B memiliki gelombang lebih pendek dari UV A dengan level energi sedang
  • Sinar UV C memiliki level energi paling kuat namun panjang gelombang paling pendek, paparan sinar UV ini dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan mulai dari kulit hingga mata

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Tubuh Terlalu Lama Terpapar Sinar Matahari

 

Bahaya Sinar Ultraviolet bagi Kesehatan

Beberapa bahaya paparan sinar UV berlebihan bagi kesehatan antara lain:

Sunburn

Sunburn adalah efek paling umum dari terlalu lama terpapar dari sinar matahari. Sunburn adalah kondisi di mana kulit terasa terbakar karena panas sinar matahari. Rasa terbakar ini muncul akibat radiasi sinar UV B. Beberapa gejala sunburn yang umum antara lain kulit terasa terbakar, gatal, perih dan mengelupas.

Biasanya gejala sunburn akan muncul setelah terpapar sinar matahari selama beberapa jam pada individu yang tidak memakai perlindungan seperti tabir surya, baju berlengan panjang atau topi. Dalam beberapa hari, sunburn dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya, tergantung dari keparahannya. Anda dapat mengoleskan pelembap dalam bentuk lotion atau gel, mengompres kulit dengan kompres dingin atau mandi air dingin, dan mengoleskan salep untuk meredakan kemerahan dan luka lepuh.

Baca Juga: Berapa Lama Kulit Terbakar Matahari bisa Sembuh?

 

Katarak dan kerusakan mata lainnya

Meskipun tidak terpapar langsung, namun bagian tubuh seperti cuping telinga, kulit kepala, bibir dan mata dapat mengalami kerusakan. Mata sebagai organ yang sangat sensitif pada cahaya dapat mengalami kerusakan seperti katarak dan gangguan penglihatan lainnya.

Dilansir dari EPA, sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa radiasi sinar UV juga dapat meningkatkan risiko katarak. Untuk meminimalisir gangguan penglihatan, hindari menatap matahari secara langsung dan gunakan pelindung seperti kacamata hitam atau topi saat berada di luar rumah.

 

Kanker kulit

Kanker kulit adalah salah satu jenis kanker yang paling banyak terjadi di dunia. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah paparan radiasi sinar UV yang berlebihan. Radiasi sinar UV menyebabkan kerusakan DNA pada kromosom sehingga memicu mutasi sel pada tubuh.

 

Keratosis aktinik dan penuaan dini

Efek radiasi sinar UV lainnya adalah keratosis aktinik dan penuaan dini pada kulit. Keratosis aktinik adalah kondisi kulit yang kasar, tebal dan bersisik akibat paparan sinar matahari. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi di wajah, tangan, lengan dan leher. Meskipun tidak ganas, namun paparan keratosis aktinik dapat menjadi faktor risiko kanker kulit jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa.

Selain keratosis aktinik, efek sinar UV yang perlu diwaspadai adalah tanda-tanda penuaan dini pada kulit. Gejala yang muncul di antaranya kerutan dan garis halus pada wajah serta kuit yang menebal dan keriput. Untuk mencegah munculnya tanda penuaan dini akibat radiasi UV sebaiknya gunakan sunscreen dan perlindungan UV lainnya yang sesuai.

 

Efek radiasi sinar UV yang berlebihan pada kulit dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Konsultasikan dengan dokter jika Anda memiliki masalah kulit akibat paparan sinar matahari. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang berbasis kecerdasan buatan. 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 28 April 2023 | 08:57

Cleveland Clinic. Available from: Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10985-ultraviolet-radiation

American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/healthy/cancer-causes/radiation-exposure/uv-radiation.html#

Skin Cancer. UV Radiation & Your Skin. Available from: https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/uv-radiation/

Medline Plus. (2022). Sun;s Effect on Skin. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000125.htm

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9176 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9176
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 127 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 127
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5775 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5775
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.17msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2097 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9872
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10041 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10041
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9898 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9898
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        #12025-04-25 10:51:34GET/self-help/bahaya-uv-bagi-kesehatan-kulit41132181