Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infection that affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. The flu is caused by the influenza virus, which spreads easily through droplets from an infected person when they cough, sneeze, or talk. If you inhale these droplets, the germs enter your respiratory tract and cause an infection.

The flu virus can also be transmitted when you touch objects such as cell phones, keyboards, doorknobs, tables, or chairs, and then touch your nose, eyes, or mouth without first washing your hands.

The flu virus is highly contagious, especially among children, the elderly, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and people with weakened immune systems, chronic illnesses, or obesity.

Recognizing the Symptoms of the Flu

Flu symptoms are often similar to those of a common cold, such as a runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, and fever. However, flu symptoms tend to be more severe than the mild symptoms of a cold.

Some common flu symptoms include:

• Fever

• Muscle aches

• Chills or sweats

• Headache

• Persistent dry cough

• Shortness of breath

• Fatigue and weakness

• Stuffy or runny nose

• Sore throat

• Pain behind the eyes

• Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children than adults)

The flu may improve on its own within 1-2 weeks, but it can lead to complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma flare-ups, ear infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and heart issues.

To prevent symptoms from worsening, make sure to seek the right treatment and care.

Good Habits to Avoid Getting the Flu

Because the flu is easily transmitted through droplets and contact with contaminated objects, practicing good habits can help you avoid infection. This is especially important during the rainy season when many people are more susceptible to influenza. Here are some habits to adopt:

Avoid Direct Contact with Sick People

One effective way to prevent the flu is by avoiding close contact with sick individuals. If in-person meetings are unavoidable, make sure to maintain a safe distance from sick people during shared activities.

Rest at Home When You Have the Flu

If you continue with your usual activities, such as going to work or school while sick, you risk spreading the virus to others. To prevent transmission, it’s best to stay home until you recover fully.

Wear a Mask

Wearing a mask covers your mouth and nose, which helps prevent inhaling droplets directly. Additionally, wearing a mask prevents droplets from spreading when you cough or sneeze.

Wash Your Hands Regularly

Washing your hands often helps protect you from all types of germs, not just the flu virus. Always ensure access to clean water and soap to wash your hands. If soap and water are unavailable, use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.

Hand sanitizer can be used after coughing, sneezing, or touching surfaces that may be contaminated.

Avoid Rubbing Your Eyes and Touching Your Nose or Mouth

Germs can enter your body through droplets inhaled from an infected person or from touching contaminated surfaces and then rubbing your eyes, nose, or mouth. To reduce the risk of infection, make it a habit to avoid touching your face before washing your hands.

In addition to these habits, maintain good hygiene at home, school, or work. Ensure adequate sleep, stay hydrated, and eat a balanced, nutritious diet.

If flu symptoms worsen or don't improve, consult a doctor for the appropriate treatment.

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