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Apa Saja yang Perlu Diketahui dari Tes Kolesterol (Profil Lipid)

Apa Saja yang Perlu Diketahui dari Tes Kolesterol (Profil Lipid)
Ilustrasi pemeriksaan darah. Credits: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Pada kebanyakan kasus, kolesterol tinggi tidak disertai dengan gejala apa pun sampai terjadi komplikasi serius seperti serangan jantung dan stroke. Banyak orang yang umumnya baru menyadari bahwa kolesterol mereka tinggi setelah melakukan medical check-up rutin. Inilah sebabnya pemeriksaan darah secara teratur sangat penting dilakukan.

Pemeriksaan yang disebut profil lipid atau panel lemak ini memungkinkan dokter untuk mendeteksi kolesterol tinggi lebih dini. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi menjadi salah satu faktor risiko dari penyumbatan pembuluh darah, serangan jantung atau stroke. Pola makan yang sehat, olahraga rutin dan pengobatan bisa membantu menurunkan kadar kolesterol yang tinggi.

 

Pengukuran Dalam Tes Kolesterol

Tes kolesterol lengkap mengukur empat jenis lemak di dalam darah, di antaranya:

Kolesterol total

Kolesterol total adalah jumlah keseluruhan kolesterol di dalam darah yang mencakup kolesterol HDL (high density lipoprotein) atau "kolesterol baik", kolesterol LDL (low density lipoprotein) atau "kolesterol jahat", dan sebagian dari jumlah trigliserida.

Perhitungan kolesterol total memberikan gambaran tentang kadar kolesterol keseluruhan di dalam darah. Perhitungan ini penting sebagai langkah awal dalam penilaian risiko penyakit jantung. Komponen lain seperti HDL dan LDL juga akan diperiksa, di mana hasil pemeriksaan ini akan dikombinasikan dengan perhitungan lainnya.

Perhitungan kolesterol total biasanya diperoleh dari perhitungan rumus sebagai berikut:

HDL + LDL + 20% trigliserida

  • Kadar kolesterol total yang sehat adalah di bawah 200 mg/dL
  • Kadar kolesterol total yang berisiko atau borderline berkisar 200-239 mg/dL
  • Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi adalah 240 mg/dL atau lebih 

Baca Juga: Nyeri Leher Apakah Akibat Kolesterol Tinggi?

 

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) sering dikenal sebagai kolesterol baik. Jenis kolesterol ini memiliki peran penting dalam membawa kolesterol berlebih dari aliran darah ke organ hati, kemudian kolesterol ini akan dibuang dari tubuh. Ini adalah cara untuk membantu menjaga pembuluh arteri tetap bersih dan mencegah penumpukan plak-plak lemak yang dapat menyumbat arteri dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular.

  • Kadar HDL yang sehat dan optimal berkisar 60 mg/dL atau lebih
  • Kadar HDL sedang pada pria berkisar 40-59 mg/dL, dan pada wanita 50-59 mg/dL
  • Kadar HDL rendah pada pria di bawah 40 mg/dL, sedangkan wanita di bawah 50 mg/dL

 

LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)

LDL sering disebut sebagai kolesterol jahat. Kadar LDL yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan risiko penyumbatan pembuluh arteri dan pembentukan plak-plak lemak, dikenal sebagai aterosklerosis. Aterosklerosis adalah proses penumpukan lemak di dinding arteri yang dapat menyebabkan penyempitan arteri dan bisa menyebabkan berbagai gangguan di kemudian hari. Proses ini bisa meningkatkan risiko Anda untuk mengalami penyakit jantung dan penyakit kardiovaskular lainnya.

  • Kadar LDL yang sehat adalah di bawah 100 mg/dL
  • Kadar LDL berisiko tinggi berkisar di antara 100-159 mg/dL
  • Kadar LDL yang tinggi adalah 160 mg/dL atau lebih

 

VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein)

VLDL adalah lipoprotein berdensitas sangat rendah yang mengandung salah satu jenis lemak yaitu trigliserida dalam darah. Kadar VLDL yang tinggi dapat berkontribusi pada penumpukan plak lemak di pembuluh arteri. Kondisi ini dapat meningkatkan risiko penumpukan plak lemak, penyumbatan pembuluh arteri dan penyakit kardiovaskular.

Baca Juga: Cara Alami Menurunkan Kolesterol Jahat Tanpa Minum Obat

 

Trigliserida

Trigliserida adalah jenis lemak di dalam darah yang berasal dari makanan yang Anda konsumsi. Trigliserida terutama berasal dari kalori berlebih yang tidak segera digunakan dan oleh tubuh disimpan sebagai lemak. Umumnya, orang dengan kelebihan berat badan, merokok, kurang aktivitas fisik, diabetes memiliki kadar trigliserida yang tinggi.

 

Pembacaan tes kolesterol oleh dokter dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan semua perhitungan di atas. Penting untuk mendapatkan pembacaan dari dokter dan tidak membuat keputusan sendiri atas nilai yang tertera di dalam tes profil lipid.

Apabila Anda ingin tahu lebih banyak mengenai kolesterol dan tes yang harus dijalani, Anda bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter atau memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 2 November 2023 | 10:51

Mayo Clinic (2023). High cholesterol. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/symptoms-causes/syc-20350800 

Heart Foundation. High cholesterol: Symptoms, causes and treatment. Available from: https://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/wellbeing/managing-risk/managing-high-cholesterol 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Cholesterol test. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholesterol-test/about/pac-20384601 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Cholesterol Numbers and What They Mean. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11920-cholesterol-numbers-what-do-they-mean 

Medline Plus (2020). Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8680 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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