Yang Perlu Anda Ketahui Tentang Ekshibisionisme

Yang Perlu Anda Ketahui Tentang Ekshibisionisme

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Seiring dengan kemudahan berbagi cerita di platform media sosial, semakin banyak pula kisah yang dibagikan dan ditanggapi dengan respon pengalaman yang sama. Salah satunya adalah tentang ekshibisionisme. Tak sedikit wanita yang mengalami pengalaman tidak menyenangkan ini, baik di area kampus atau sekolah, area kos, atau di persimpangan jalan yang hanya sering dilewati pejalan kaki.

Apa itu ekshibisionisme?

Ekshibisionisme dicirikan dengan hasrat memperlihatkan alat kelamin pada orang asing atau aktivitas seksual yang dilihat oleh orang asing. Sementara gangguan ekshibisionis itu sendiri berarti melakukan hasrat tersebut pada orang asing tanpa consent orang tersebut dan mengalami penderitaan bila tidak mengeluarkan hasratnya.

Menurut Choosing Therapy, gangguan ekshibisionis ini ditandai dengan gairah seksual yang diperoleh melalui memamerkan alat kelamin, biasanya di depan orang asing. Orang dengan gangguan ini biasanya memenuhi kebutuhan gairah seksual dengan mengejutkan orang yang melihatnya, dan mengekspos diri mereka di depan orang asing. Ketika melihat orang lain terkejut, mereka mungkin akan terangsang dan bisa bermasturbasi. 

Ekshibisionisme ini dikategorikan sebagai gangguan parafilia dalam DSM-5. Menurut MSD Manuals, parafilia adalah fantasi atau perilaku apapun selain stimulasi alat kelamin atau aktivitas seksual pada orang lain yang memberikan consent. Fantasi ini bersifat "persisten" dan "intens", yang bisa melibatkan benda mati, anak-anak atau orang dewasa yang tidak memberikan persetujuannya. Perilaku ini dianggap sebagai gangguan mental bila sudah menyebabkan penderitaan atau bahaya bagi diri sendiri atau orang lain, karena dilakukan tanpa persetujuan. .

Faktor risiko ekshibisionisme

Ada beberapa faktor risiko terkait munculnya preferensi ekshibisionis dalam orang dengan gangguan ekshibisionis seperti dilansir Psychology Today berikut:

  • Gangguan kepribadian antisosial
  • Penyalahgunaan alkohol
  • Preferensi seksual pedofilia
  • Trauma akibat pelecehan seksual dan emosional selama masa kanak-kanak
  • Kondisi hiperseksual

Kapan seseorang dikatakan memiliki gangguan ekshibisionis

Dilansir Choosing Therapy dan DSM-5, ada kriteria diagnosis dari gangguan ekshibisionis, antara lain:

  • Memiliki fantasi atau dorongan seksual untuk memamerkan alat genital pada orang asing yang "berulang" dan "intens" selama minimal 6 bulan
  • Bertindak berdasarkan dorongan gairah seksual di mana orang yang menjadi sasarannya tidak menyetujuinya
  • Dorongan atau fantasi seksual ini menyebabkan penderitaan yang signifikan atau mengganggu tatanan fungsi sosial, pekerjaan dan hal penting lainnya

Gangguan ekshibisionis ini sendiri dikategorikan menjadi tiga sesuai dengan sasaran korbannya, yaitu:

  • Anak-anak prapubertas
  • Orang dewasa yang matang secara fisik
  • Anak-anak prapubertas dan orang dewasa yang matang secara fisik

Terapi gangguan ekshibisionis

Lazimnya, orang dengan gangguan ekshibisionis tidak akan mencari pengobatan sendiri, dan tidak akan menerima pengobatan sampai mereka tertangkap dan diwajibkan berobat oleh pihak berwajib.

Pengobatan dan perawatan yang diberikan umumnya terkait dengan penyebab yang melatarbelakangi perilaku ekshibisionis. Terapi yang bisa diberikan adalah terapi perilaku kognitif (CBT), terapi seksual, sampai pengobatan dengan obat antidepresan atau anti-androgen. Tujuan terapi-terapi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya hasrat seksual tersebut, membantu mengatasi gangguan suasana hati, serta mengurangi dorongan seksual dan perilaku impulsif pada orang-orang dengan gangguan ekshibisionis.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 20:18

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder 5th Edition. American Psychiatric Association (2013).

Brown G (2021). Exhibitionism. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/paraphilias-and-paraphilic-disorders/exhibitionism

Brown G (2021). Overview of Paraphilias and Paraphilic Disorders. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/paraphilias-and-paraphilic-disorders/overview-of-paraphilias-and-paraphilic-disorders

Choosing Therapy (2020). Exhibitionistic Disorder: Causes & Treatment Options. Available from: https://www.choosingtherapy.com/exhibitionistic-disorder/

Psychology Today Staff (2019). Exhibitionism. Available from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/exhibitionism

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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