Untuk Apa dan Bagaimana Tes HbA1c Dilakukan?

Untuk Apa dan Bagaimana Tes HbA1c Dilakukan?
Credits: Freepik Ilustrasi pengambilan sampel darah

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Tes HbA1c seringkali diberikan pada pengidap diabetes atau prediabetes. Tes ini berguna untuk melihat kepatuhan kontrol gula seorang pengidap Diabetes dalam 3 bulan terakhir dengan mengukur hemoglobin yang berikatan dengan gula. Hasil rata-rata selama tiga bulan diambil berdasarkan usia sel darah merah yang biasanya bertahan selama 8-12 minggu sebelum pembaruan.

Kapan Harus Melakukan tes HbA1c Dilakukan?

CDC merekomendasikan orang dewasa berusia 45 tahun untuk melakukan screening diabetes atau prediabetes. Apabila hasil menunjukkan angka yang normal, maka tes disarankan diulangi lagi setiap 3 tahun. Sedangkan bila hasilnya menunjukkan Anda menderita prediabetes, maka Anda harus menjalani tes setiap 1-2 tahun untuk mengurangi risiko terkena diabetes.

Saat memasuki usia 45 tahun, Anda semakin berisiko terkena diabetes, terutama bila disertai dengan beberapa faktor lain seperti:

  • Memiliki kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas
  • Memiliki tekanan darah tinggi
  • Memiliki riwayat penyakit jantung
  • Tidak aktif secara fisik atau jarang berolahraga

Tes HbA1c juga umumnya disarankan dilakukan bila Anda memiliki gejala sebagai berikut:

  • Seringkali merasa haus padahal sudah cukup minum
  • Seringkali buang air kecil, terutama di malam hari yang dapat mengganggu tidur
  • Memiliki penglihatan yang kabur
  • Seringkali merasa kelelahan

 

Bagaimana Tes HbA1c Dilakukan?

Beberapa fasilitas kesehatan menyediakan mesin tes HbA1c, di mana cukup dilakukan dengan mengambil setetes darah dari jari, mirip seperti pemeriksaan kadar gula darah di rumah. Hasil dari tes juga akan diketahui dalam beberapa menit.

Namun, sebagian besar fasilitas kesehatan lain mungkin akan melakukan pengambilan sampel darah di lengan, dengan prosedur sebagai berikut:

  • Memasang torniket di lengan
  • Membersihkan lengan bagian dalam dengan menggunakan kapas beralkohol
  • Mengambil darah dengan memasukkan jarum ke pembuluh vena
  • Mengumpulkan sampel darah ke dalam tabung yang terhubung dengan jarum
  • Mengeluarkan jarum setelah sampel terkumpul dan menekan bekas jarum agar darah berhenti mengalir
  • Memasang plester luka pada bekas suntikan

Pengambilan sampel darah biasanya memakan kurang dari lima menit, dan tidak menyebabkan efek samping apapun. Anda mungkin hanya akan merasakan sakit kecil di bekas suntikan atau sedikit memar. Hasil tes biasanya baru diketahui setelah 1-2 hari, tergantung pada kecepatan laboratorium dalam melakukan pemeriksaan.

Hasil tes HbA1c dilaporkan dengan persentase angka. Angka tersebut mewakili bagian protein hemoglobin yang terglikosilasi atau menahan glukosa. Semakin tinggi presentasenya, berarti semakin tinggi pula kadar gula darah Anda selama beberapa bulan terakhir.

Berikut adalah presentase hasil tes HbA1c:

  • kurang dari 5,7% artinya Anda tidak memiliki diabetes
  • 5,7% - 6,4% artinya ada tanda-tanda prediabetes
  • 6,5% atau lebih tinggi menunjukkan adanya tanda-tanda diabetes
  • 7% atau lebih berarti Anda harus mendapatkan pengobatan dan perawatan diabetes yang tidak bisa ditunda

Tes HbA1c tidak digunakan dalam screening diabetes gestasional atau diabetes kehamilan atau diabetes pada anak-anak. Tes ini juga tidak dilakukan pada pengidap anemia atau orang dengan gangguan darah karena hasilnya akan kurang efektif. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala prediabetes namun juga memiliki riwayat anemia atau gangguan darah lain, atau usia anak-anak, maka dokter akan merekomendasikan jenis tes lain untuk melakukan screening diabetes.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya, cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 09:08

Diabetes UK. What is hba1c?. Available from: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/managing-your-diabetes/hba1c

Medline Plus (2021). Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-a1c-hba1c-test/

The Global Diabetes Community (2022). Guide to HbA1c. Available from: https://www.diabetes.co.uk/what-is-hba1c.html

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Glycosylated Hemoglobin Test (A1c). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/9731-glycosylated-hemoglobin-test-a1c

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9940 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9940
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9866 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9866
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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